The Works of Sir Walter Ralegh, Kt: The history of the world - Sir Walter Raleigh - Google Books

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Sect. IX. How the affairs of Carthage prospered after the victory

against Atilius; how the Romans, having lost their fleet by

tempest, resolve to forsake the seas; the great advantages of a

good fleet in war between nations divided by the sea.

Sect. X. How the Romans attempt again to get the mastery of

the seas.
The victory of Cæcilius the Roman consul at Pa-

normus. The siege of Lilybæum. How a Rhodian galley

entered Lilybæum at pleasure in despite of the Roman fleet.

That it is a matter of great difficulty to stop the passage of

good ships. The Romans, by reason of grievous losses re-

ceived under Claudius and Junius, their consuls, abandon the

Sect. XI. The city of Eryx is surprised by the Romans, and re-

covered by Amilcar; who stoutly holds war with them five

years. The Romans, having emptied their common treasury,

build a new fleet at the charges of private men.
The great

victory at sea of Luctatius the consul, whereby the Cartha-

ginians are forced to crave peace. The conditions of the

peace between Rome and Carthage.

Of divers actions passing between the first and second Punic

Sect. I. Of the cruel war begun between the Carthaginians and

their own mercenaries:

Sect. II. Divers observations upon this war with the merce-

§. 1. Of tyranny, and how tyrants are driven to use help of

mercenaries.
130

§. 2. That the tyranny of a city over her subjects is worse than

the tyranny of one man; and that a tyrannical city must like-

wise use mercenary soldiers.

§. 3. The dangers growing from the use of mercenary soldiers

and foreign auxiliaries.

§. 4. That the moderate government of the Romans gave them

assurance to use the service of their own subjects in their wars.

That in man's nature there is an affection breeding tyranny,

which hindereth the use and benefit of the like modera-

Sect. III. How the war against the mercenaries was diversely

managed by Hanno and Amilcar with variable success. The

bloody counsels of the mercenaries, and their final destruc-

Sect. IV. How the mercenaries of the Carthaginians, that were

in Sardinia, rebelled; and were afterwards driven out by the

islanders. The faithless dealing of the Romans with the Car-

thaginians in taking from them Sardinia, contrary to the

Sect. V. How the affairs of Carthage went between the African

rebellion and the second Punic war.
166

Sect. VI. The estate of Greece, from the death of Pyrrhus to the

reign of Philip, the son of Demetrius, in Macedon.
170

Sect. VII. How the Illyrians infested the coast of Greece, and

how they were subdued by the Romans.
197

Sect. VIII. Of the war between the Romans and Gauls, some-

what before the coming of Hannibal into Italy.

СНАР. III.

Of the second Punic war.

Sect. I. The wars of Hannibal in Spain. Quarrels between the

Romans and Carthaginians. Hannibal besiegeth and taketh

Saguntum, whilst the Romans are busied with the Illyrians.

War proclaimed between Rome and Carthage.

Sect. II. Hannibal takes order for the defence of Spain and

Afric. His journey into Italy.

Sect. III. How the Romans in vain solicited the Spaniards and

Gauls to take their part. The rebellion of the Cisalpine Gauls

against the Romans.

Sect. IV. Scipio the Roman consul overcome by Hannibal at Ti-

cinum. Both of the Roman consuls beaten by Hannibal in a

great battle at Trebia.
232

Sect. V. The departure of Hannibal from the Cisalpine Gauls

into Hetruria. Flaminius the Roman consul slain, and his

army destroyed by the Carthaginians, at the lake of Thra-

Sect. VI. How Q. Fabius the Roman dictator sought to consume

the force of Hannibal by lingering war. Minutius, the master

of the horse, honoured and advanced by the people for bold

and successful attempting, adventures rashly upon Hannibal,

and is like to perish with his army, but rescued by Fa-

Sect. VII. The Roman people, desirous to finish the war quickly,

choose a rash and unworthy consul. Great forces levied against

Hannibal. Hannibal taketh the Romans' provisions in the

castle of Cannæ. The new consuls set forth against Han-

Sect. VIII. Dissension between the two Roman consuls. Whether

it be likely that Hannibal was upon point of flying out of

Italy, when the Romans pressed him to fight. The great battle

Sect. IX. Of things following the battle at Cannæ.

Sect. X. Of the great supply that was decreed at Carthage to be

sent to Hannibal in Italy. How by the malice of Hanno, and

sloth or parsimony of the Carthaginians, the supply was too

long deferred. That the riches of the Carthaginians grew

faster than of the Romans. Of Fabius, and other old Roman

historians, how partial they were in their writings.

Sect. XI. Strange reports of the Roman victories in Spain, before

Asdrubal the son of Amilcar followed thence his brother Han-

nibal into Italy.
311

Sect. XII. The great troubles that Hannibal raised in all quarters

to the city of Rome. Posthumius the Roman general, with

his whole army, is slain by the Gauls. Philip king of Macedon

enters into a league with Hannibal against the Romans. The

Romans, joining with the Etolians, make war upon Philip in

Greece; and afterwards conclude a peace with him, the better

to intend their business against the Carthaginians.
335

Sect. XIII. How the Romans began to recover their strength by

degrees. The noble affection of the Romans, in relieving the

public necessities of their commonweal.

Sect. XIV. The Romans win some towns back from Hannibal.

Hannibal wins Tarentum. The siege of Capua. Two vic-

tories of Hannibal. The journey of Hannibal to the gates of

Rome. Capua taken by the Romans.

Sect. XV. How the Carthaginians, making a party in Sardinia

and Sicily, held war against the Romans in those islands, and

Sect. XVI. How the war passed between the Romans and Han-

nibal in Italy, from the taking of Capua to the great victory at

Sect. XVII. How P. Cornelius Scipio, the Roman, made entire

conquest of Spain.

§. 1. How the Carthaginians were driven by Scipio from the con-

tinent into the isle of Gades.

§. 2. Funeral games held by Scipio. A duel between two Spanish

princes. A digression, concerning duels.
454

§. 3. The last acts of Scipio in Spain. His return to Rome,

where he is chosen consul.

Sect. XVIII. Scipio obtains leave to make war in Afric.

preparations. Of Masinissa, who joined with Scipio.

victories against Asdrubal and Syphax.

47 I

Sect. XIX. The Carthaginians desire truce, and break it.

Sect. XX. In what sort Hannibal spent the time after the battle

of Metaurus. The doings of Mago in Italy. Hannibal and

Mago called out of Italy. How the Romans were diversely

affected by Hannibal's departure.

Sect. XXI. Hannibal in Afric prepares to fight with Scipio;

treats with him about peace in vain; loseth a battle at Nar-

gara, and persuades the Carthaginians to sue for peace. Of

the peace granted from Rome to Carthage.

Of Philip the father of Perseus, king of Macedon.

His first acts

and war with the Romans, by whom he was subdued.

Sect. I. How the Romans grew acquainted in the east countries,

and desirous of war there. The beginning of many princes,

with great wars, at one time. The Etolians overrun Pelo-

ponnesus. Philip and his associates make war against the

Ætolians. Alteration of the state in Sparta. The Ætolians

invade Greece and Macedon, and are invaded at home by

Sect. II. How Philip was misadvised by ill counsellors; who
afterwards wrought treason against him, and were justly pun-
ished. He invadeth the Ætolians a second time, and forceth
them to sue for peace, which is granted unto them. 551
Sect. III. Philip, at the persuasion of Demetrius Pharius, enters
into league with Hannibal against the Romans. The tenor of
the league between Hannibal and Philip.

566

Sect. IV. How Philip yielded to his natural vices, being therein

soothed by Demetrius Pharius. His desire to tyrannize upon

the free states his associates, with the troubles into which

he thereby fell, whilst he bore a part in the second Punic

He poisoneth Aratus, and grows hateful to the

Sect. V. Of Philopomen, general of the Achæans, and Machani-

das, tyrant of Lacedæmon. A battle between them, wherein

Machanidas is slain.

Sect. VI. Philip, having peace with Rome and with all Greece,
prepares against Asia. Of the kings of Pergamus, Cappadocia,
Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, and their lineages. Of the
Galatians.

579
Sect. VII. The town of Cios taken by Philip, at the instance of
Prusias king of Bithynia, and cruelly destroyed. By this and
like actions, Philip grows hateful to many of the Greeks, and
is warred upon by Attalus king of Pergamus, and by the
Rhodians.
583

Sect. VIII. The Romans, after their Carthaginian war, seek mat-

ter of quarrel against Philip. The Athenians, upon slight

cause, proclaim war against Philip, moved thereto by Attalus,

whom they flatter. Philip wins divers towns, and makes

peremptory answer to the Roman ambassador. The furious

resolution of the Abydeni.

Sect. IX. The Romans decree war against Philip, and send one
of their consuls into Greece, as it were in defence of the Athe-
nians their confederates. How poor the Athenians were at
this time, both in quality and estate.

592

Sect. X. The town of Chalcis in Euboea taken and sacked by the

Romans and their associates, that lay in garrison at Athens.

Philip attempteth to take Athens by surprise; wasteth the

country about, and makes a journey into Peloponnesus. Of

Nabis, the tyrant of Lacedæmon, and his wife. Philip offers

to make war against Nabis for the Achæans. He returneth

home through Attica, which he spoileth again, and provides

against his enemies. Some exploits of the Romans. Divers

princes join with them. Great labouring to draw the Ætolians.

Sect. XI. The meeting of Philip with the Romans, and skirmish-
ing with them on his borders. The Etolians invade his domin-

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