his haste, 225; his want of reflection,
227; his bitter prejudices, 227; his
lack of exegetic decision, 228; his
views on marriage, 228; his views on
inspiration, 230; his remark on the
original identity of Presbyters and
Bishops, 230 n.; discrepancy between
his theory and practice, 230 n.; his
belief in the permissibility of decep-
tion, 231 n.; his views on allegory,
Jerushalmi, the, or Jerusalem Talmud,
nature of, 81, 82 and ns.
Jesus described as a Rabbi of the school
of Hillel, 66 and n.
Jesus, Society of, 307
Jews, love of the, for the Oral Law
saves them from national obliteration,
54-56 and ns.; hatred of the, to
heathendom, 69 n.; their love for
their religion, and their interminable
wrangling about the trifles of it, 70;
revolts of the, 76 n.; pride of the,
in the Mishna and Gemara, 82; the,
philologically "analogists," 98; be-
lief of the, in the mystic value and
importance of names, 98; "atone-
ment of the cock," a custom of the
Polish, 101; influence of Greek
literature on the, of the Dispersion,
113; Egypt a school of wisdom for
the, 114; number, influence, and
wealth of the, in Alexandria, 115
and n.; grandeur of their Great
Synagogue there, 115 and n. ; wide-
spread desire of the, to share in the
glories of Greek literature, 126; list
of Jewish-Greek writers, 126, 127;
observation of the Son of Sirach on
the culture of the, of Alexandria,
119; contact of the, with Greek life
the parent of Saduceeism, 139
Jewish-Greek writers, their works and
influence, 125 et seq.
Jewish mediaeval interpreters, 274,
275 and ns.; and commentators, 461-
464
Jewish myths and genealogies, 93
Jewish scholars, what modern exegesis
owes to early, 107
Joel, 240 n., 267, 339 n.
Johanan Ben Zakkai, Rabbi, one of the
pupils of Hillel, account of, 68-70;
authorities on the work of, 70 n.
John à Lasco, 351
John of Damascus, his commentaries
on the Eastern Church, 248 and n.;
may in a sense be regarded as the
father of scholasticism, 262 n.
John of Salisbury on mediaeval theo-
logical compilations and glosses, 251
n.; on the multiplex intelligentia of
Scripture, 294; on logicians, 294
n.; on the theology of the 12th
century, 310
Jose, Rabbi, expostulates with Aqiba
regarding the written word, 71
Josephus, his views on inspiration, 148
n.; the exegetical principles of, 452
Joshua, Rabbi, raises the courage of
his fellow rabbis, 71 n.; is a vio
media scholar, 73 n.
Juda, Rabbi, commits the Oral Law to
writing, 79; his compilation was
called The Mishna, 80; derivation
of the name, 80 n.; it becomes the
bond of Jewish nationality, 80;
almost entirely supersedes the Scrip-
tures, 81; death of, 81; authorities
on the life and work of, 81 n.; his
remarks on rendering a verse of
Scripture, 85
Judaism, Ezra the founder of, 51; pre-
served from destruction by the Oral
Law, 54, 55; inferior nature of the,
which Ezra established, 56; Isaac
Disraeli on, 69; Alexandrian, tinged
with Hellenic culture, 114
Judgment, Luther maintains the right
of private, 329; Gerson protested
against the right of, 330 n.; op-
position of the other Reformers to,
Julian, the Emperor, 17
Julius Africanus, estimate of, and of
his method of exegesis, 207
Julius II., Pope, 309
Julius III., Pope, 316 n.
Junilius, 24 n.
Justin Martyr and his writings, esti-
mate of, and of his mode of exegesis,
172-174 and ns. ; his quotations and
their sources, 172-174 and ns.; Re-
nan's opinion of, 174 n.
Juvenal, 17
KABBALA, views of the, on cosmogony,
34-37 and ns.
Kabbalism, in numbers, 25; the
various forms and methods of, 35;
Christian, and its methods, 36 n.;
nature of practical, 97; the writings
of the Rabbis abound in symbolical,
97; the three rules in, of Gematria,
97-100; of Notarikon, 101; and of
Temoorah, 102; further instances
of exegetic and symbolic, 445
Kabbalistic book, notice of the earliest,
97 n.; and of others, 97 n.; alpha-
bets and ciphers, use made of, 102-
Kabbalists, Christian, and their me-
thods, 36 n.; many Jewish, became
Christians, 102 n.; Donne on the
language of the, 294 n.
Kant, and his system of philosophy,
influence of, on his age, 407
Karaites, the, principles and influence
of, 83 and n.; origin and history of,
449; the founder of the, 449
Karl the Great, 386
Keim on Philo's system of exegesis,
155 n.
Kepler, 326, 358 n., 426, 427
Kethubim, the, 60, 62 n.
Kepala, explanation of the term, 74 n.
Keys, Jerome on the power of the,
230 n.
Kid, on seething a, in its mother's
milk, Rabbinical view of, 88 n.
KɅels of Melito of Sardis, 24 n.
Koch, John, influence of his works on
the theology and exegesis of the
17th century, 385
Koran, Scripture not to be read as we
read the, 28; its various schools of
expositors, 47 and n.; how Ezra
appears in the, 53; regarded in
India as too good to be translated,
119 n.; the Sofi driven to find mys-
tical meanings in the, 134
Κόσμος, reference to the Septuagint
word, 23
Kuenen, 4 n.
Lagos, the house of, policy of the, to
the Alexandrian Jews, 115; the
translators of the Septuagint and
the, 121; etymology of the name,
121 n.
Lanfranc, 289 n.
Language, barbarous, of the Schoolmen,
Latin Church, teaching of the, rests on
three Fathers--Ambrose, Jerome,
and Augustine, 248 n.
Law, difference betwixt the Oral and
the Written, 11; injury done to the
fundamental principles of the, by
Rabbinism, 20, 21; opinions of the
Prophets and the Rabbis as to the,
49, 50; number of precepts of the,
50; Ezra the founder of the Oral,
51 et seq.; effects of the, on the
Jews, 52 et seq.; servility of the
Jews to the, when distorted by tra-
dition, 56 et seq.; the Scribes endea-
vour to nullify the, 61 et seq.;
creeping things and the, 64, 65;
Hillel called a restorer of the, 66;
the work of Christ and Hillel as to
the, 67; the study of the, a rallying-
ground for the Jewish race, 69;
Aqiba's casuistry as to the meaning
of the Written, 71 et seq.; the Hala-
khoth, said to be a part of the Oral,
85; disputes of the Rabbis regarding
the, 85-87; phylacteries and fringes,
whether the, regarding was
intended to be taken literally, 87,
88 and ns.
Le Clerc, his theory of accommodation,
379 n.
Lectures, Hibbert, 308 n., 312 n.; the
Bampton, 311 n.
Legalism, protest of the Prophets
against the spirit of, 49
Leibnitz, his work on behalf of Chris-
tianity, 398 and n.
Leo X., Pope, 308 n., 309, 322
Leo XIII., on Thomas Aquinas, 269 n.
Lessing, 17; nature and influence of
his works on the theology of the
17th century, 399; his remarks on
the Bible, 400 n.
Letters and words, Rabbinical belief in
certain mystical or supernatural
powers in, 97 et seq.
Levita, Elias, his merits as a Jewish
commentator, 464
Leviticus, a text in, is taken to justify
the burning of witches, 40 and n.
Levitism, the ritual of, symbolical of
higher truths, 126 n.
Lewis, Mr., distinguishes philosophic-
ally three epochs in scholasticism,
253 n.
Lewis of Bavaria, Emperor, 281
Libanius, 17
Lightfoot, Bishop, his estimate of
Origen, 188, 189
Loans, Jacob Jehiel, 315
Locke on the erroneous meanings
attached to words in interpretation,
Logos, applied by Theophilus and
others of the Fathers to Christ, 171
Lombard, Peter, Master of the Sen-
tences," influence of his work on the
Church and the age, 262; it becomes
the text-book of scholasticism, 262;
Dante alludes to the Prologue to
the Sentences, 262 n.; remarks of
Mullinger on the Sentences, 262 n.;
the Summa of Aquinas and the
Sentences of, studied more than the
Bible, 263
Lorenzo de Medici, 282
Louis XII., 350
Lucian, 17
Lucian, the martyr, his revision of the
Septuagint, 209
Ludovicus Vives on divine things, 289
Luke, St., 205, 208
Luther, his temptation as an interpre-
ter, 5; instance of his supposed bias
as a translator, 5 n.; adopts the
word Testament, 30 n.; his estimate
of the Book of Ecclesiastes, 32; and
remark on the various commentaries
on, 33 n.; effect on the mind of, on
discovering that a certain word in
the original Greek meant repent, 118;
Neander's remark regarding a preva-
lent error which appears in the trans-
lation of the Bible, 184 n.; on
Chrysostom, 222 n.; on Aristotle,
266 n.; on Nicolas of Lyra, 277 n.;
on Hus, 279; on the useless specu-
lations of the Schoolmen, 293; in-
fluence of, in the Reformation, 307
et seq.; his identity of thought with
John Wessel and Hus, 312 and n. ;
antagonism of, to Erasmus, 319; in-
fluence of the stupendous personality
of, on the false exegesis of the pre-
Reformation period, 322, 323; the
"intensified self" of the German
nation, he gave them everything that
has made them great, 323; chrono-
logy of his career, 324 n. ; four well-
marked stages in his religious ad-
vance, 324, 325; in his first stage
he obtained a clear grasp of the true
principles of Scripture interpretation,
325; 1. the supreme authority of
Scripture itself, 325; 2. the suffi-
ciency of Scripture, 327; 3. rejects
the fourfold sense, 327; 4. rejects
the validity of allegory, 328; 5. the
perspicuity of Scripture, 328; 6. the
right of private judgment, 329;
difficulty he found in maintaining
this last principle, 330; in accord-
ance with these rules, he lays down
the true principles of Scripture inter-
pretation, 332-338; his views on the
various books of Scripture, 335, 336;
although some of his views were rash,
they were founded on a sound basis,
337; his opinion of reason, 338 n. ;
he set forth three views on which the
future of the Christian faith must
depend, 338; 1. the Word of God
is not to be regarded as identical and
co-extensive with the Holy Scriptures,
339; 2. his view of inspiration was
not verbal, 339; and 3. that the
Word of God is not in the Scriptures
alone, 340; observations on the im-
portance of these views, 341; re-
marks of Luther on the Fathers, 471
Lutheran Churches and theologians,
370, 376, 380 n.
Luzzatto on the exegesis of the Rab-
binic scholars, 64 n.
MACCABEAN struggle, nature of the
Maccabees, the earliest meeting-point
of Jewish and Greek methods of
exegesis to be found in the Fourth
Book of, 136 n.
Magellan, 426
Maimonides, Moses, 4; the founder
of Jewish rationalism, 83 and
on the Haggadoth, 90; on trans-
posing or altering words, 104; his
system of exegesis, 275; Spinoza
the intellettual successor of, 384;
account of, and of his work, 463
Mainz, 314; the Archbishop of, 315 n.
Maitland, Dr., on Origen's method of
allegory, 196 n.
Malachi, the last pure glow of the Old
Testament sun dies out with, 58 n.
Mammothrectus, a mediaeval work on
exegesis, 280
Manichaeans, the, on the human nature
of Christ, 208 n.
Marcus Aurelius, his rigid adherence to
truth, 225 n.
Marriages, Ezra's annulment of, 54 and
n.; Jerome on, 227, 228
Marsh, Bishop, on the sense of
Scripture, 300 n.
Mary, Virgin, 273, 279 n., 288, 297
Massorah, the, the Rabbis believed was
delivered to Moses on Sinai,
history and derivation of the word,
450
Massorets, services of the, to textual
criticism, 84 and n.
Maurice, Professor F. D., on Tertullian,
179 n., 180 n.; his work for the
English Church, 429
Maximilian, Emperor, 352
Mediaeval controversies, account of the
chief, 253
Mediaeval Jewish commentators, 461
Medici, Lorenzo de, on Plato, 282
Megilla, 31 n., 34 n., 50 n., 52-54
ns., 57 n.
Megillath Taanith, 66 n.
Melanchthon, his estimate of the Book
of Ecclesiastes, 32; his work and
influence on the Reformation, 34
and n.; his Loci, and Luther's re-
mark on, 361; R. Simon's remark
on the exegesis of, 361 n.
Menachoth, 49 n., 51 n., 57 n.
Mendelssohn, Moses, begins a new era
of exegesis, 83 and n.; Spinoza the
intellectual precursor of, 384
Messianic hopes, nature of Philo's and
others', 154 n.; Psalms, Theodore of
Mopsuestia on certain, 216; prophe-
cies, Calvin's views on the, 346,
472; Philo and, 457
Messianism, debasement of, 59; denied
by Joseph Albo to be a Jewish doc-
trine, 67 n.
Meyer, his edition of the New Testa-
Michaelis, critical labours of, 402
Midrash Koheleth, 31 n., 68 n.
Midrash, puerilities of the, 37
Midrashim, origin and nature of, 95,
96; Jewish exegesis as applied to
the, founded on four methods, 95;
the writers of the, 95
Midrashim, account of the, and list of
the chief, 442-444
Mildert, Bishop van, on the sense of
Scripture, 300 n.
Millennial grapes, Tertullian's wild
story of the, 177 n.
Milligan, Professor, on perverted prin-
ciples of interpretation, 170
Milman, Dean, on the influence of the
writings of Dionysius the Areopagite,
254 n.; extract from his Essays of a
reply of Erasmus to Zwingli, 319 n.
Milton, his opinion of the Fathers, 163,
164 and ns.; of theological compila-
tions and glosses, 251 n.; his protest
against confessions, 359 n.
Mirandola, finds more Christianity than
Judaism in the Qabbala, 106 n.
Mishna, importance attached by the
Rabbis to the teachings of the, 62,
63; origin and nature of the, 84
et seq.; derivation of the word, 84 n. ;
and contents of the, 84 n.; the
treatise of the, known as "The Egg,"
Mishna, the, of Rabbi Aqiba, 71 n.
Mishna, the, of Rabbi Juda, 80; deri-
vation of the name, 80 n. ; labours
of the various Rabbis in perfecting
it, 80; it became the bond of Jewish
nationality, 80
Misinterpretation of the Bible, among
the Jews elevated into a sacred
principle, 12 n. ; misinterpretation
of Scripture among the gravest cala-
mities of Christendom, 39
"Mixtures," the Pharisaic rule of, 64
Modern Exegesis, 397-437
Moed Qaton, 57 n.
Monastery of St. Victor, the chief home
of mediaeval mysticism, 257
Monasticism, the whole theory of, 257
Monotheism, Genesis i. 1, the basis of
all, 34
Moravian brotherhood, influence of,
for good in the 17th century, 389
More, Henry, 36 n.
Morton, Henry, 352
Mosaic law, devices of the Scribes for
evading certain provisions of the, 64
and n.
Moses, Rabbinic legend regarding, and
the crowns attached to Hebrew letters,
75 and n.; Luther's opinion of, 335,
336
Mosheim, his estimate of Origen, 188
Mount Sinai, 20
Multiplex intelligentia, sensus, &c., of
Scripture, on the views of the School-
men as to the, 294 et seq.
Multiplex sensus, the Rabbinic fiction
of, 73 n.
Mysteries of numbers in the Qabbala,
96 n.
Mystic meanings asserted to be in every
letter of Scripture, 74-77; Waterland
on, 353 n.
Mysticism, mediaeval, 254 et seq.; in-
troduced into the monastery of St.
Victor by William of Champeaux,
259; in Richard of St. Victor's sys-
tem of, there are three powers of the
soul, 259 n.
Mystics, the works of Dionysius the
Areopagite favourites with the,
254 n. mediaeval and German, 254
et seq.; protest of the, against con-
founding Scripture with the Word of
God, 374 n.
NATALIS on Thomas Aquinas, 269 n.
Nathan, writer of one of the lost
sacred books, 6
Nathan the Seer, 221
Neale, Dr. J. M., on an undercurrent
of meaning in Scripture, 296 n.
Neander, his remark on a prevalent
error which appears in Luther's trans-
lation of the Bible, 184 n.; on the
mystical interpretation of the Bible,
211 n.; on the immortality of the
Gospel, 395; influence of his personal
character and work on the exegesis
and unbelief of his time, 414
Nehemiah's legalistic prayer, 58 n.
Neoplatonic schools of Athens and
Edessa, 253 and ns.
Neoplatonism and its expounders, 253
and ns.
New Testament, difference betwixt the,
and the Old, 350 and n.; variations
in the MSS. of the, 387
New Testament writings, on the dis-
semination of the, 165 n.
Newman, Cardinal, on the principles
of exegesis of the School of Antioch,
211; on Chrysostom, 221 n.; on me-
diaeval exegesis, 253 n.; remark
of, regarding God and the soul,
255
Newton, 326, 426, 432
Nepos, Bishop, his Refutation of the
Allegorists, 209
Nicholas V., Pope, 314
Nicolas of Lyra, the Jerome of the
14th century, his origin, 274 n.;
revives an improved system of exe-
gesis, 274; influence of his work,
274-278; specimens of his style, and
remarks on them, 276-278; Luther's
estimate of, 277 n.; Pope on, 278
Nominalism, its nature, and influence
on scholasticism, 281, 282; Hauréau
on the character of, 281 n.
Notarikon, explanation of the Rab-
binical principle of, 101, 446
Notker of St. Gall, a mediaeval com-
piler, remark of, 250
Novalis on Spinoza, 384 n.
Numbers, mysteries of, in the Qabbala,
96 n.; Philo's fancies about masculine
and feminine numbers, 143 and n.;
Barnabas on, 168 and n.
Nuremberg Bible, the, 5 n.
Nürnberg, the Diet of, 311 n.
Occam, William of, see William of
Occam
Old Mortality, extract from Scott's, 352
Old Testament, difference betwixt the,
and the New, 350 and n.
Olympiodorus, his opinion of the Book
of Ecclesiastes, 32
Oral Law, Ezra the founder of the, 51,
52; effects of the, on the Jews, 54-
56; love of the, saves the Jews from
national obliteration, 54-56 and ns. ;
good and evil largely mixed in the, 56,
57; references of Josephus, Philo, and
St. Paul to the, 79 n.; the, committed
to writing by Rabbi Juda, 79; and
is called the Mishna, 80; importance
of the, 80; derivation of the name,
80 n.; what it consisted of, 80 n.
Origen, the greatest master of the School
of Alexandria, estimate of his life,
teaching, and influence, 187-203;
Mosheim's opinion of, 188; Bishop
Lightfoot's, 188, 189; number and
nature of his works, 188 n. ; his false
views and inferences, 189-194; his
allegoric system, 196-200; his three-
fold sense, 196, 197; his arbitrary
fancies and errors, 198, 199; immense
influence of, 201; Fathers who ad-
mired or imitated him, 201, 202
Oxford movement, effects of, on the
English Church, 425
Ozanam, his opinion on Jerome, 223 n.
Palestinian method of exegesis, origin
and nature of, 11
Pamphilus, the martyr, founds a theo-
logical school at Caesarea, 209 n.
Pantaenus, 12
Papacy, testimonies to the services ren-
dered by the, to civilisation and
humanity, 308; corruption of the,
308-312; Pope Adrian VI. on the
corruption of the, 311 n.
Papal power, the scholastic system
favourable to, 296; statement of
Papal claims, 309 and n.
Parallel passages, the abuse of, 469
Paris, the Theological Faculty of, 320
Paschal Lamb, Rabbinical dispute re
garding the offering of the, 88
Paschasius Radbertus, a
compiler, notice of, 250
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