Maurice, Professor F. D., on Tertullian,
179 n., 180 n. ; his work for the
English Church, 429
Maximilian, Emperor, 352
Mediaeval controversies, account of the
chief, 253

Mediaeval Jewish commentators, 461
Medici, Lorenzo de, on Plato, 282
Megilla, 31 n., 34 n., 50 n., 52-54
ns., 57 n.

Megillath Taanith, 66 n.
Melanchthon, his estimate of the Book

of Ecclesiastes, 32; his work and
influence on the Reformation, 34
and n.; his Loci, and Luther's re-
mark on, 361; R. Simon's remark
on the exegesis of, 361 n.
Menachoth, 49 n., 51 N., 57 n.
Mendelssohn, Moses, begins a new era
of exegesis, 83 and n.; Spinoza the
intellectual precursor of, 384
Messianic hopes, nature of Philo's and
others', 154 n.; Psalms, Theodore of
Mopsuestia on certain, 216; prophe-
cies, Calvin's views on the, 346,
472; Philo and, 457

Messianism, debasement of, 59; denied
by Joseph Albo to be a Jewish doc-
trine, 67 n.

Meyer, his edition of the New Testa-
ment, 419

Michaelis, critical labours of, 402
Midrash Koheleth, 31 n., 68 n.
Midrash, puerilities of the, 37
Midrashim, origin and nature of, 95,

96; Jewish exegesis as applied to
the, founded on four methods, 95;
the writers of the, 95
Midrashim, account of the, and list of
the chief, 442-444
Mildert, Bishop van, on the sense of
Scripture, 300 n.

Millennial grapes, Tertullian's wild
story of the, 177 n.
Milligan, Professor, on perverted prin-
ciples of interpretation, 170
Milman, Dean, on the influence of the
writings of Dionysius the Areopagite,
254 n.; extract from his Essays of a
reply of Erasmus to Zwingli, 319 n.
Milton, his opinion of the Fathers, 163,
164 and ns.; of theological compila-
tions and glosses, 251 n.; his protest
against confessions, 359 n.
Mirandola, finds more Christianity than
Judaism in the Qabbala, 106 n.
Mishna, importance attached by the

Rabbis to the teachings of the, 62,
63; origin and nature of the, 84

537

Mishna, the, of Rabbi Aqiba, 71 n.
Mishna, the, of Rabbi Juda, 80; deri-
vation of the name, 80 n. ; labours
of the various Rabbis in perfecting
it, 80; it became the bond of Jewish
nationality, 80
Misinterpretation of the Bible, among
the Jews elevated into a sacred
principle, 12 n.; misinterpretation
of Scripture among the gravest cala-
mities of Christendom, 39
"Mixtures," the Pharisaic rule of, 64
Modern Exegesis, 397-437
Moed Qaton, 57 n.

Monastery of St. Victor, the chief home
of mediaeval mysticism, 257
Monasticism, the whole theory of, 257
Monotheism, Genesis i. 1, the basis of
all, 34

Moravian brotherhood, influence of,
for good in the 17th century, 389
More, Henry, 36 n.

Morton, Henry, 352

Mosaic law, devices of the Scribes for
evading certain provisions of the, 64
and n.

Moses, Rabbinic legend regarding, and
the crowns attached to Hebrew letters,
75 and n.; Luther's opinion of, 335,
336
Mosheim, his estimate of Origen, 188
Mount Sinai, 20
Multiplex intelligentia, sensus, &c., of
Scripture, on the views of the School-
men as to the, 294 et seq.
Multiplex sensus, the Rabbinic fiction
of, 73 n.

Mysteries of numbers in the Qabbala,
96 n.

Mystic meanings asserted to be in every
letter of Scripture, 74-77; Waterland
on, 353 n.

Mysticism, mediaeval, 254 et seq.; in-
troduced into the monastery of St.
Victor by William of Champeaux,
259; in Richard of St. Victor's sys-
tem of, there are three powers of the
soul, 259 n.

Mystics, the works of Dionysius the
Areopagite favourites with the,
254 n. mediaeval and German, 254
et seq.; protest of the, against con-
founding Scripture with the Word of
God, 374 n.

N.

NATALIS on Thomas Aquinas, 269 n.
Nathan, writer of one of the lost
sacred books, 6

Nathan the Seer, 221

Neale, Dr. J. M., on an undercurrent
of meaning in Scripture, 296 n.
Neander, his remark on a prevalent
error which appears in Luther's trans-
lation of the Bible, 184 n. ; on the
mystical interpretation of the Bible,
211 n.; on the immortality of the
Gospel, 395; influence of his personal
character and work on the exegesis
and unbelief of his time, 414
Nehemiah's legalistic prayer, 58 n.
Neoplatonic schools of Athens and
Edessa, 253 and ns.

Neoplatonism and its expounders, 253
and ns.

Nero, 310, 311

New Testament, difference betwixt the,
and the Old, 350 and n.; variations
in the MSS. of the, 387
New Testament writings, on the dis-
semination of the, 165 n.
Newman, Cardinal, on the principles
of exegesis of the School of Antioch,
211; on Chrysostom, 221 n. ; on me-
diaeval exegesis, 253 n. ; remark
of, regarding God and the soul,
255

Newton, 326, 426, 432

Nepos, Bishop, his Refutation of the
Allegorists, 209

Nicholas V., Pope, 314

Nicolas of Lyra, the Jerome of the
14th century, his origin, 274 n. ;
revives an improved system of exe-
gesis, 274; influence of his work,
274-278; specimens of his style, and
remarks on them, 276-278; Luther's
estimate of, 277 n.; Pope on, 278

n.

Nominalism, its nature, and influence

on scholasticism, 281, 282; Hauréau
on the character of, 281 n.
Notarikon, explanation of the Rab-
binical principle of, 101, 446
Notker of St. Gall, a mediaeval com-
piler, remark of, 250
Novalis on Spinoza, 384 n.
Numbers, mysteries of, in the Qabbala,

96 n.; Philo's fancies about masculine
and feminine numbers, 143 and n.;
Barnabas on, 168 and n.
Nuremberg Bible, the, 5 n.
Nürnberg, the Diet of, 311 n.

OBADIAH, 352 n.

0.

Occam, William of, see William of
Occam

Old Mortality, extract from Scott's, 352
Old Testament, difference betwixt the,
and the New, 350 and n.
Olympiodorus, his opinion of the Book
of Ecclesiastes, 32

Oral Law, Ezra the founder of the, 51,

52; effects of the, on the Jews, 54-
56; love of the, saves the Jews from
national obliteration, 54-56 and as. ;
good and evil largely mixed in the, 56,
57; references of Josephus, Philo, and
St. Paul to the, 79 n. ; the, committed
to writing by Rabbi Juda, 79; and
is called the Mishna, 80; importance
of the, 80; derivation of the name,
80 n.; what it consisted of, 80 n.
Origen, the greatest master of the School
of Alexandria, estimate of his life,
teaching, and influence, 187-203;
Mosheim's opinion of, 188; Bishop
Lightfoot's, 188, 189; number and
nature of his works, 188 n.; his false
views and inferences, 189-194; his
allegoric system, 196-200; his three-
fold sense, 196, 197; his arbitrary
fancies and errors, 198, 199; immense
influence of, 201; Fathers who ad-
mired or imitated him, 201, 202
Oxford movement, effects of, on the
English Church, 425

Ozanam, his opinion on Jerome, 223 n.

PAINE, 17

P.

Palestinian method of exegesis, origin
and nature of, 11

Pamphilus, the martyr, founds a theo-

logical school at Caesarea, 209 n.
Pantaenus, 12

Papacy, testimonies to the services ren-
dered by the, to civilisation and
humanity, 308; corruption of the,
308-312; Pope Adrian VI. on the
corruption of the, 311 n.

Papal power, the scholastic system
favourable to, 296; statement of
Papal claims, 309 and n.

Parallel passages, the abuse of, 469
Paris, the Theological Faculty of, 320
Paschal Lamb, Rabbinical dispute re-
garding the offering of the, 88

Paschasius Radbertus, a

compiler, notice of, 250

mediaeval

Passive obedience, the doctrine of, jus-

tified by Scripture, 40 and n.
Patriarchs of the house of Hillel, names

and number of, 66 n.
Patristic Exegesis, 161, 242
Patristic reasons for adopting allegory,

459

Patristic system of exegesis, period
during which it lasted, 12; influence
of Augustine during the, 24; and
use made of allegory, 24; rules of
Tichonius as applicable to the, 24-
26; list of chief hermeneutic manuals
in use during the, 23, 24 n.

Paul, St., 166 n., 171, 185 n., 187 n.,
195 n., 196, 282, 287, 290, 291,
348, 363

Paul IV., Pope, 316 n.

Paulinus, Jerome's letter to, 226,

227 ns.; what Du Pin said of, 233 n.
Paulus, 180 n.

Paulus of Burgos, his views on the
literal sense, 278
Pentateuch, the, to be regarded as an
allegory, 35; its injunctions often
perverted, 39; is disparaged by the
Rabbis in comparison with the
Mishna, 62; on extracting Greek
philosophy from the, 130; what the,
was to the Rabbis, 131

περὶ πάσης γραφής, etc., extract from
Clemens Alexan., 24 n.
Persecution for difference of opinion in
religion, view of Calvin and the
Puritan divines on, 350-352
Perspicuity of Scripture, Luther's views
on the, 328

Peter of Clugny, 301

Peter, St., 185, 204, 205, 208 n., 340,
346 n.

Pharisaism, nature of, in the days of the
Second Temple, 11; its mode of
dealing with the Written Law, 11, 56
et seq.; it reigned supreme in the
days of our Lord, 59; its rule of
Mixtures," 64

66

Philip, the inquisitors of, 16
Philip of Hesse, 351

Philo, 12; his principles of interpreta-

tion, 22, 23; reference to various
treatises of, 22 n., 23 n.; his treat-
ment of Genesis i. 1, 37, 38 and
ns. ; the writings of, the chief monu-
ment of Alexandrian exegesis, 111;
the method of allegory in exegesis
culminates in the writings of, 127;
thinks the Greek philosophers bor-
rowed from Moses, 129 n. ; nature of
an Alexandrian of the school of, 133;

539

all renegades from Judaism repudi-
ated by, 133 n.; the Greek method of
exegesis brought to completion by,
136; the works of, the epitome and
development of the Allegorists, 137;
nature and extent of his culture, 137,
138; freedom of his practice in every-
day life, 137 n.; list of works in
which all that is personally known
of him may be found, 137 n.; his
eclecticism, 138; his literalism, 139;
his rationalising, 139; results in a
complete perversion of Scripture,
139, 140; his favourite mode of ad-
dress to his reader, 139; believes
himself to be inspired, 139, 140 and
n.; nature of his theology, 142 and
ns.; account of his allegories, 142-
146; his fancies about masculine
and feminine numbers, 143; his
variable symbols and exegetic fri-
volity, 146, 147; his views on
inspiration, 147, 148 and n. ; his ex-
traordinary notion regarding Scrip-
ture, 149 n.; his rules of exegesis,
149-152; his exegetic principles
differ from those of the Talmud in
five respects, 150 n.; result of his
system, 152 et seq.;
unreliable

nature of his etymologies, 152 n.;
his Messianic hopes, 154 n.; his
futile eclecticism, 155; fables re-
garding, 156 n. ; allusions to, in the
works of the Fathers, 156 n.; sum-
mary and estimate of his system,
154-157; notwithstanding its errors,
there is a Divine progress observable
throughout, 157; his use of the
Septuagint, 452; his phrases for the
literal and allegoric senses, 455;
Messianic hopes and, 457; the
Messiah does not occur in his writ-
ings, 457; a deplorable specimen of
his exegesis, 457

Philology, of the Schoolmen, specimens
of the, 286 n.; Erasmus's knowledge
of, 321 n.

Phylacteries and fringes, dispute as to

the law regarding, 87, 88 and ns.
Picus of Mirandola, his interpretation of
Genesis i. 1, 36; his Platonism and
Kabbalism, 279

Pierius, 12, 202

Pietism, definition of, 381 n. ; its in-
fluence on German life, 382; Dorner
on the opponents of, 382 n.
Pietists, influence of the, in reviving a
healthy system of exegesis in the
17th century, 380

"Pilpul," explanation of the term,

92 n.

Pius II., Pope, 309, 313 n.
Pius V., Pope, 316 n.

Plato, banishes the poets from his
ideal republic, 135; effects of the
revival of the study of, on scholasti-
cism, 282; Lorenzo de Medici on, 282;
mediaeval students of, 282; reference
to, 343 n.

Platonic studies, the revival of, in the
15th century leads to the downfall of
scholasticism, 282

Plotinus, influence of the Ovyn μóvov
Tрòs μóvov on mysticism, 255 and n. ;
references to, 282, 300 n.

Plutarch, 343 n.

Poets, protest of the greatest, against

the misapplication of Scripture, 41
Polybius, 343 n.
Polycarp, 171

Pope, quotation from, 254 n.; on the
quibbling language of the Schoolmen,

293 n.

Popes, claims of the, to depose
sovereigns, 39 n.; the atrocious
deeds of the, justified by Scripture,
40, 41 and n.; the power of the,
upheld by perversions of Scripture,
296 et seq.; corruption of the, 309
POPES-

Adrian VI., 311 n., 319 n.
Alexander VI., 309, 312
Clement V., 316 n.

Clement VII., 309
Clement VIII., 316 n.
Eugenius III., 262, 465
Gregory IX., 264 n.
Gregory XIII., 254 n.
Honorius III., 253, 254 n.
Innocent VIII., 309

Julius II., 309

Julius III., 316 n.

Leo X., 308 n., 309, 322

Leo XIII., 269 n.

Nicholas V., 314

Paul IV., 316 n.

Pius II. (Aeneas Sylvius), 309, 313 n.
Pius V., 316 n.

Sixtus IV., 106, 309
Urban V., 264 n.
Porismatic method of theology, 361
Porphyry, 17

Post-Reformation Epoch, 357-394
Post-Reformation exegesis or interpreta-
tion, 16
Potiphar's wife, 21

Practice, discrepancy between nominal
theory and actual, 230 n.

Predestination, the Post-Reformation
view regarding, 366

Presbyters and Bishops, Jerome on the
original identity of, 230 n.
Princes, assassinations of, justified by
Scripture example, 39

Private judgment, the right of, Luther's
view of, 329; Gerson protests against
the right of, 330 n.; opposition of
the other Reformers to, 331
Prophecy, Theodore of Mopsuestia's
views on, 217, 218
Prophets, their protest against the
spirit of legalism, 49; and their
contempt for the yoke of ritual
bondage, 49; teachings of the,
admitted theoretically, 50; difference
between the spirit of the, and of the
Rabbis, 51

"Prosbol, the," derivation and ex-
planation of the term, 64 and n.
Pseudo-Aristeas, see Aristeas
Ptolemy, 34, 172 n.

Ptolemy Euergetes, 128
Ptolemy Philadelphus, 115 n.,

Q.

128 n.

Rabbi Saadia Gaon, the greatest medi-
aeval exegete, 461

Rabbi Samuel ben Meier, a mediaeval
commentator, 462

Rabbi Simon ben Lakish, 20 n.
Rabbi Simon's remarks on the exe-
gesis of Melanchthon, 361 n.
Rabbina Abina, 12 and n. ; closes the
Talmud, 82

Rabbinic bodies, number and duration
of, 52, 53 and n.

Rabbinic exegesis, origin and nature of,
11; period during which it lasted,
12; services rendered to Scripture by
the, 15; nature and principles of,
fully explained, 47 et seq.; Ezra the
originator of it, 52; names and dura-
tion of the various schools of, 52, 53,
and n.; nature and effect of Ezra's
system of, 56-63; the leading build-
ers of the system, 65-81; summary
of the result of centuries of, 83 et
seq.; the Halakha, the Haggada,
and the Qabbala the main sources
of, 84; the Targums, the Talmud,
and the Midrashim contain the
chief contributions of, 84; ex-
planation of the part played by
Gematria in, 97-100; two branches
of it-Architectonic and Figurative,
100; by Notarikon, 101; by Temoo-
rah, 102; by another method, 104;
summary of the results of, for 2,000
years, 105-107; further instances of,
445 et seq.

Rabbinic fiction of multiplex sensus,
the, 73 and n.
Rabbinic schools, number, duration,
and influence of, 52, 53 and n.
Rabbinism, built on superstition and
exclusiveness, 60; nature of, 61;
the hedge about the Law tha main
function of, 62

Rabbis, the, on the importance of the
Law, 11 n.; on the interpretation of
Genesis i. 2, 34, 35; on the teachings
of the Prophets, 50; number of pre-

cepts proclaimed by the, 50; injuri-
ous effects of the teachings of the,
56-58; their estimate and treatment
of the common people, 59 n.; exact-
ing nature of the yoke of the, 60;
effects of the "ordination" of the,
61; the voice of the, reckoned as
the voice of God, 62; importance of
the teaching of the, 63; account of
the five chief, who followed Ezra as
the creators and expounders of the
Oral Law, 65; Hillel, 65-67; Sham-
mai, 67, 68; Johanan Ben Zakkai,
68-70; Rabbi Aqiba, 71-79; Rabbi
Juda, 79; list of those who remon-
strated with Rabbi Aqiba, 71, 72;
Aqiba and the, assert that there is a
mystic meaning in every letter of
Scripture, 74-77; their explanation
of the two yods, 75, 76 and n.;
Rabbis that succeeded Aqiba, 78;
names and labours of mediaeval, 82,
83; opinions of the, regarding the
Halakha, 85; disputes of the, in the
Jewish schools, 86; trifling nature of
the subjects of these disputes, 86 and
ns.; on the Halakha and the Hag-
gada, 90; the writings of the, abound
in symbolical Kabbalism, 97; notice
of some mediaeval, 274-276 and ns. ;
self-glorification of the, 441; notices
of some mediaeval, 449, 461
Rachel, disputed etymology of the
name, 23 n.

Rachel, the wife of Rabbi Aqiba,
account of his love for her, 72
and n.
Rambach's

Institutiones

Hermen.

Sacrae, notice of, 371 n.
Rashi, his interpretation of the first
verse of the first chapter of Genesis,
35; his opinion as to the importance
of the law about fringes, 50, 51 n. ;
his remark on the commands and
prohibitions of the Law, 62 n. ; refer-
ence to, 83; becomes the master of
Nicolas of Lyra, 275 and n.; his
merits as an exegete, 462

Rathmann of Lübeck on the nature
and functions of the Holy Scriptures,
372

Rationalism, controversy between Ber-
nard and Abélard on, 253
Raymond Lulli, helps to precipitate
the fall of scholasticism, 280
"Read not so, but so,' a celebrated
Rabbinic formula, 104 and n.
Reason, Alexander's book to prove that
animals are endowed with, 138 n.;