them into pieces. Cotys did not wish to have occasion of anger against his servants. A certain farmer had a choice apple-tree in his orchard. The farmer made an annual present to his landlord of the fruit. The fruit grew on the apple-tree. The landlord was fond of the apples. Nothing would satisfy the landlord. The landlord would transplant the tree to his own garden. The tree withered upon removal. The tree died. A bear was pained by the sting of a bee. The bear ran quite mad into the bee-garden. The bear overturned all the bives. This outrage brought upon him an army of bees. The bear was almost stung to death. The bear then reflected. To pass over one injury would have been prudent. By rash passion he had provoked a thousand injuries. 3. Conjoin the simple sentences in each of the following paragraphs into a narrative with properly constructed complex sentences. EXAMPLE. Alphonso was king of Sicily. Alphonso was king of Naples. Alphonso was remarkable for kindness to his subjects. Alphonso was remarkable for condescension to his subjects. At one time Alphonso was travelling privately through Campania. Alphonso came up to a muleteer. The muleteer's beast had stuck in the mud. The muleteer could not draw it out with all his strength. The poor man had implored the aid of every passenger in vain. He now sought assistance from the king. He did not know who the king was. phonso instantly dismounted from his horse. Alphonso helped the man. Alphonso soon freed the mule. Alphonso brought it upon safe ground. The muleteer learned that it was the king. The muleteer fell on his knees. The muleteer asked his pardon. Alphonso removed his fears. Alphonso told him that he had given no offence. This goodness of the king reconciled many to him. Many had formerly opposed him. Al SYNTHESIS. Alphonso, king of Sicily and Naples, was remarkable for kindness and condescension to his subjects. At one time, when travelling privately in Campania, he came up to a muleteer, whose beast had stuck in the mud, and who could not draw it out with all his strength. The poor man, who had implored the aid of every passenger in vain, now sought assistance from the king, not knowing who he was. Alphonso instantly dismounted from his horse, and, helping the man, soon freed the mule, and brought it upon safe ground. The muleteer, learning that it was the king, fell on his knees and asked his pardon; but Alphonso removed his fears, by telling him that he had given no offence. This goodness of the king reconciled many who had formerly opposed him. EXERCISES. Octavius, Lepidus, and Antonius, attained supreme power at Rome. They proscribed Plancus. Plancus had once been consul. Plancus was therefore obliged to flee for his life. His slaves were seized. They were put to the torture. They refused to discover him. New torments were prepared. Plancus would no longer save himself at the expense of so faithful servants. Plancus came from his hiding-place. He submitted to the swords of the messengers. The messengers sought his life. This was a noble example of mutual affection between a master and his slaves. It procured a pardon for Plancus. All the world exclaimed, that Plancus only was worthy of so good servants. All the world exclaimed, that they only were worthy of so good a master. What a scene must a field of battle present! There thousands are left without assistance. Thousands are left without pity. Their wounds are exposed to the piercing air. The blood flows. The blood freezes. The blood binds them to the earth. They are amidst the trampling of horses. They are amidst the insults of an enraged foe. They may be spared by the humanity of the enemy. They may be carried from the field. It is but a prolongation of torment. They are often conveyed in uneasy vehicles to a remote distance through roads almost impassable. They are lodged in ill-prepared receptacles for the wounded. In these receptacles, the variety of distress baffles all the efforts of humanity. It baffles all the efforts of skill. It renders attention to each impossible. They are far from their native home. No tender assiduities of friendship are near. No well-known voice is near. No wife is near. No mother is near. No sister is near. These do not soothe their sorrows. They do not relieve their thirst. They do not close their eyes in death. SECTION VI. VARIATION OF POSITION IN COMPLEX SENTENCES. 1. Change the position of the clauses of the following complex sentences, without altering the construction or destroying the sense. EXAMPLE. Alexander, having in a great measure recovered from his grief, again took the field. CHANGED. Having in a great measure recovered from his grief, Alexander again took the field. ness. EXERCISES. Temperance, by fortifying mind and body, leads to happiAfter the Revolution, when James II. was dethroned, it was high treason to correspond with the exiled monarch. The history of a nation, to be really instructive, should contain nothing but the truth. He requires no law who commits no injury. He who always lives in the bustle of the world, lives in a perpetual warfare. Next to the sun, the moon has the most salutary impression upon our earth. Many things, which, in the days of our forefathers, were considered as useless, are now regarded as great benefits. 2. Change the position of the clauses of the following complex sentences in two different ways, without altering the construction or destroying the sense. EXAMPLE. An old clock, that had stood for fifty years in a farmer's kitchen, without giving its owner any cause of complaint, early one summer morning, before the family was stirring, suddenly stopped. CHANGED. 1. An old clock, that had stood for fifty years in a farmer's kitchen, without giving its owner any cause of complaint, suddenly stopped early one summer morning, before the family was stirring. 2. Early one summer morning, before the family was stirring, an old clock, that had stood for fifty years in a farmer's kitchen, without giving its owner any cause of complaint, suddenly stopped. EXERCISES. By man in a rude state of society, feathers were used for trimming his arrows and decorating his person. It is known that, at the Norman conquest, more than a thousand years after the invasion of Julius Cæsar, the population of England was not much above a million. On the way to Timnath, Samson encountered a lion, and, without weapons, tore it asunder, as if it had been a kid. When the Romans were pressed with a foreign enemy, the women voluntarily contributed all their rings and jewels to assist the government. By those accustomed to the civilization and to the warm sun of Italy, it must have been felt as a calamity to be compelled to live not only in a cold, uncultivated country, but also among a barbarous people. 3. Change the position of the clauses of the following complex sentences, in three different ways, without altering the construction or destroying the sense. EXAMPLE. While he was at Samos, after the famous battle of Actium, which made him master of the world, Augustus held a council, in order to try the prisoners who had been engaged in Antony's party. CHANGED. 1. Augustus, while he was at Samos, after the famous battle of Actium, which made him master of the world, held a council, in order to try the prisoners who had been engaged in Antony's party. 2. After the famous battle of Actium, which made him master of the world, Augustus, while he was at Samos, held a council, in order to try the prisoners who had been engaged in Antony's party. 3. In order to try the prisoners who had been engaged in Antony's party, Augustus held a council, while he was at Samos, after the famous battle of Actium, which made him master of the world. EXERCISES. Among the foreigners who repaired to Egypt to buy corn, in the first year of the famine, were the brethren of Joseph. At the beginning of this century, such exaggerated ideas respecting the size of the Condor were current, even among naturalists, that it was compared to the Roc of Eastern fable. The aged among the Hottentots are treated with great humanity so long as they can work. Had we been present when Caligula's horse was made a consul, we should have been less astonished than we are by the historical relation. At Bath, the remains of two temples, and of a number of statues, have been dug up, in laying the foundations of new streets and squares. SECTION VIL VARIATION OF CONSTRUCTION IN COMPLEX SENTENCES. 1. Vary the construction of the relative clause in the following complex sentences. |