EXERCISE.

Distinguish between the Prepositions, Adverbs,

and Adjectives:-

He walks up the hill. They went up to the temple. Coming down from the temple, they came down a hill. He. goeth about seeking riches. He obtained about twenty pounds of gold. The walk about the garden is pleasant. This figure is round, not square. Shall we go towards the city? He is a toward child. There is a land that lies above, where happiness dwells for ever. They made a withe of willows, and bound him with them. Go behind or before, wherever you please. The boy whom I gave it to is not here. The horse which the saddle was on is not here.

by many of our best writers. It is, however; properly a conjunction, and merely a compound of be and out. In Lowland Scotch it is a noun, and means the outer room of a house, as ben means the inner. Such words as opposite, &c., are by some regarded as adjectives, with to understood ; as, however, they are as prepositions in other lauguages, we may fairly receive them such in English.

Some of them-e.g., except, concerning, &c.-are correctly speaking verbs; but, as they stand without nouns, and so lose their verbal quality, they may be parsed as prepositions without any great violation of grammatical propriety.

With a hypercritical nicety, some grammarians reduce these words to their primary classes. But if we do this, where shall we stop? Every preposition is originally some other part of speech. To is the same as toe, and means the "extremity;" from, a kindred word with far and forth, means the "beginning;" through, or thoorgh, as it appears in our earlier writers, means" a door," or "passage," and is the same word as the Greek thura, from which it comes to us through the Saxon. Throughout is written by Chaucer thoorghut.

During and notwithstanding are in some grammars regarded as prepositions, but they are really participles, agreeing with the words which they appear to govern, and form examples of the case absolute.

Supply the proper Prepositions:

I told him

the horse. He admonishes me

my faults. It is -the piano.

the stable. Does it stand

the circle, or the fire? Go the house. Advance him. Depart iniquity. night the faithful dog walks his master's house, and guards it thieves. It is a distance some hundreds miles London Edinburgh. You must pass the ground, sometimes yards the level.

burgh, the city.

several tunnels embankments many

Arthur's seat is Edin-
He enrolled them - his

legions. They walked the road till they met horseback riding -great speed.

a man

Go

the field yonder gate. He walked the hill. Send the doctor. Metals are found

Distinguish between the Prepositions and Adverbs:

When the fight was over the enemy sheared off, and we lay to off shore. Is your father within? No; but he is within call: he is in the garden, near the house. Go in; I shall follow by and by. The hour is past. They walked past the town. It must soon be either on or off. This was underneath; that was above. They came along the road and passed by a long tunnel. Underneath this marble stone. She lives above the town, in a neat cottage beside a grove. Go below to the lower

deck. They live beyond their means at that house beyond. Read till evening, or till I come. I have already been reading since morning. I have heard another story since you told me that one. Send for your brother. I shall do so at once, for I wish to see him. Must I go under the hill, round it, or over it? A wheel goes round. This lay under and that over. over with him.

CONJUNCTIONS.

Conjunction means joining together.

It is all

Conjunctions join words and sentences; as, "You and John may go." Obey your parents, for it is right.

Conjunctions are divided into Copulative and Disjunctive.

Copulative means joining closely. Copulative Conjunctions join both words and sense; as, John and James will go.

Disjunctive means separating what is joined. Disjunctive Conjunctions join words, but separate the sense; as, John or James will

go.

The Copulative Conjunctions most frequently used are, and, both, because, for, if, since, that, therefore, wherefore.

The Disjunctives most frequently used are, as, but, either, lest, neither,† nor, notwithstanding, nevertheless, or, than, though, unless, yet.‡

*Far may be always regarded as a preposition, and the clause after it as its object,

+ Either, neither, and both may be always regarded as adjectives, and the words or clauses they precede as their substantives.

What with loving and hating without a cause he was pronounced a fool. (Is not what a conjunction here?)

EXERCISE.

Connect these clauses with the proper Conjunc

tions:

I shall love him

he hate me.

you

he

it

learn your lesson well. Obey your parents

is right. He will love me loves me already

I love him. He

I shall long to love him.

He heard the man was a thief he arrested he would do so. You

him. He told me

may go

We shall

He may

I shall not.
go stay. You can

he

bend that iron rod. It produces such effectswill surprise you. They have more they require. I again explained everything should miss the road. I a second time explained everything he missed his way. (Supply the place of an in the following example :)-Nay, an thou lovest me, do this.

Distinguish between the Prepositions and Conjunctions:

For the love I bear you I shall do all you wish. He went to the town for a surgeon one day, and since that I have never seen him. I will do so since you appear to wish it. William is wiser than John.

INTERJECTION.

An

Interjection means throwing between. Interjection is a word usually thrown between the parts of a sentence to express some sudden emotion of the speaker; as, He perished, alas! far from his native land.

E

Observe,―The Interjection is often placed at the beginning of a sentence; as, Ah! unhappy wretch that I am!

The most common interjections are, Adieu, ah, alas, alack, away, aha, hark, ha, hey, ho, hail, halloo, hurrah, hum, hush, huzza, hist, heyday, lo, oh, psha, avaunt, pish, tush, fie, pooh, soho.

EXERCISE.

False wizard, avaunt! Farewell! to bonny Teviotdale. The summer, ah me! has departed! My native land, adieu! Hark! how the bugles ring.

EXERCISE WHERE THE SAME WORD CONSTITUTES SEVERAL DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH.

trouble. A Still waters

Are you

A holy calm spreads o'er the scene. 'Tis a calm day, so calm your temper. A little oft contents. You think little of the little trouble does not distress me. run deep. They still the raging sea. still afraid? High hopes and noble ambitions grace a young man, but the world too often casts a damp over them, Damp weather hurts the lungs. Sprinkle a little water on it and damp it. You know that you told me the person that lived in that house has left it. lived in that house you see yonder. That was what I heard. They have seen much of life, and have found in it much unhappiness. Think much and speak little. more we wish to have. strive more earnestly.

He

The more we have the To gain more we must Matilda has equal abili