++ Carpels combined into an undivided ovary which has more placentas than one.

Calyx distinct from the carpels (= ovary superior)

Sepals usually two; rarely three

Sepals more than two

Ovary one-celled

Ovary many-celled

Sepals united into a tube

Sepals distinct, or nearly so.

Stamens opposite the petals

Stamens alternate with the petals

Stipules 0, leaves simple

23. PORTULACEAE.

21. ILLECEBREE.

26. SALICARIEÆ.

27. RHAMNEE.

Stamens inserted into a fleshy} 29. CELASTRINEE.

disk

Stamens inserted into the petals 28. ILICINEE.

Stipules. Leaves compound

Calyx adhering to the carpels (= ovary inferior)

Ovary with the ovules attached to the face of the

Ovary with the placentæ in the axis

Ovary one-celled

dissepiments

Flowers in umbels

he}

30. STAPHYLEACEÆ.

34. GROSSULACE E.

3. ΝΥΜΡΗЖАСЕЕ.

38. UMBELLIFERAE.

S. ARALIACEE.

35. ONAGRARLE.

37. HALORAGEE.

S. CORNEÆ.

36. CIRCBAСЕЕ.

§ 2. Monopetalous. (Petals united.)

Calyx distinct from the carpels (= ovary superior)

Ovary four-lobed

Flowers regular and symmetrical

Flowers irregular and unsymmetrical

Ovary not four-lobed

Flowers regular

48. BORAGINEZE

65. LABIATE.

Carpels distinct, cohering by their stigma 56. ΑΡΟΟΥΝΕΔΕ.
Carpels united, or single

Stamens opposite the petals and equal 59. PRIMULACEE.

Placentæ parietal

Placentæ not parietal

Anthers united into a tube (syngenesious)

Flowers in heads. Fruit seedlike

61. SCROPHULARINEE.

58. SOLANEE.

62. OROBANCHEÆ.

S. CUCURBITACEE.

47. COMPOSITE.

Flowers not in heads. Fruit many-seeded 44. LOBELIACEÆ.

Anthers distinct

Stamens opposite the petals

Parasites on trees

Herbs

41. LORANTHEE.

59. PRIMULACEÆ.

46. DIPSACES.

45. VALERIANEE.

Fruit double; leaves whorled; 239. STELLATIE.

stem square

Fruit two- or more-celled;

leaves opposite

Ovules several in each cell

Anthers opening by two pores

Anthers opening lengthwise

Juice milky
Juice watery

;2

40. CAPRIFOLIACEAE.

42. VACCINIEE.

43. CAMPANULACEAB. 40. CAPRIFOLIACEA

N. B. The letter S refers throughout to the Supplement.

Order 1.

RANUNCULACEÆ Juss.

Sepals 3-6, sometimes confounded with the petals.

Petals 5-15, hypogynous, distinct, occasionally deformed.

Stamens indefinite, hypogynous; anthers usually turned outwards. Carpels numerous, seated on a torus, one-celled or partially united into

a single many-celled pistil; one or more seeded.

Fruit either consisting of dry akenia; or berries with one or more

seeds; or follicles; or capsules.

Seeds albuminous. Embryo minute. Albumen corneous.

Herbs or very rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite, generally divided, with the petiole dilated and forming a sheath half clasping the stem. Inflorescence variable.

ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA.

Genuine Ranunculaceæ. Anthers bursting outwardly.

Estivation of calyx valvate or induplicate

1. CLEMATIS.

Æstivation of calyx imbricate

Fruit one-seeded

1. CLEMATIS Linn. TRAVELLER'S JOY.

Involucrum none, or shaped like a calyx immediately beneath the flower. Sepals 4-8, coloured. Petals none or shorter than the sepals. Akenia numerous, terminating in a bearded tail. - Roots perennial. Leaves exactly opposite. Dec.

1. C. Vitalba Linn.

Ε. Β. 9. 612.

Leaves pinnate; leaflets heart-shaped, partly cut. Petioles twining, permanent. Panicles forked, not longer than the leaves. Smith. In hedges. - Shrub. July.

2. THALICTRUM Linn. MEADOW-RUE.

Sepals and petals undistinguishable, petaloid, and very deciduous. Stamens numerous. Ovaries 4-15. Styles short. Akenia stalked, either having elevated ribs, or being triangular with winged angles, or inflated. Embryo very minute, with converging cotyledons. Caulescent herbaceous plants, with yellow fasciculate roots, a fistular stem, compound leaves, and panicled flowers.

1. T. alpinum Linn.

Ε. Β. 4. 262.

Stem perfectly simple and almost naked, with a simple terminal

cluster. Smith.

In elevated moist alpine pastures; on most of the highest mountains in Wales and Scotland. Smith. - Perennial. June.

E. B. 1. 11.

2 T. minus Linn. Leaves doubly pinnate; leaflets ternate, three-cleft, glaucous on

both sides.

Flowers panicled, pendulous,

Stipulas rounded. Smith.

Stem zigzag.

In chalky pastures, especially such as are rather mountainous; or in shell sand on the sea coast. Smith. -Perennial. June, July.

3. T. majus Crantz.

Ε. Β. 9. 611.

Leaves triply pinnate; leaflets ternate, lobed, glaucous beneath. Branches of the panicle aggregate, somewhat umbellate. Flowers drooping. Stipulas crescent-shaped, notched. Smith.

On bushy hills in the North of England. - Perennial. June, July.

4. T. flavum Linn.

Ε. Β. 6. 367.

Stem erect, furrowed, leafy. Leaves doubly pinnate; partly threelobed. Panicle compound, close, corymbose. Flowers and stamens erect. Smith.

In wet meadows, and about the banks of rivers and ditches, common. - Perennial. June, July.

Calyx of 5 adpressed sepals. Petals 5-15 with a naked claw. Stamens numerous, inserted at the base of a torus. Akenia numerous, arranged in a spike, tipped by the hardened style.

Caulescent her

baceous plants with finely multifid leaves, and solitary scarlet or yellow flowers. Involucre none.

1. A. autumnalis Linn.

Ε. Β. 5. 308.

Petals about eight, inversely heart-shaped. Fruit ovate. Stem branched. Smith.

A. æstivalis Withering.

In corn fields, but not common.

4. ΑΝΕΜONE Linn.

Annual. May-October.

Involucrum of 3 cut leaves distant from the flower. Sepals and petals 5-15 in number, coloured, passing gradually into each other so that they cannot be distinguished.

1. A. Pulsatilla Linn. Pasque-flower.

Ε. Β. 1. 51.

Flower solitary, nearly upright. Involucrum in deep linear seg

ments. Petals six, erect.

Fruit with feathery tails

Leaves

doubly pinnate, cut, with linear lobes. Smith.

A. pratensis Sibth.

In high open chalky pastures. - Perennial. April, May.

2. A. nemorosa Linn.

Flowers solitary. Petals six, elliptical.

Fruit

Ε. Β. 5. 355. pointed, without

tails. Involucrum of three ternate or quinate, stalked, lobed, and cut leaves. Smith.

In groves, thickets, and heathy ground, abundantly. - Perennial. April.

3. A. apennina Linn.

Ε. Β. 15. 1062.

Flower solitary. Petals numerous, lanceolate. Fruit pointed, without tails. Involucrum of three ternate, stalked, deeply cut leaves. Smith.

In groves in the central part of England, but rare. - Perennial. April.

4. A. ranunculoides Linn.

Ε. Β. 21. 1484. Flowers solitary, or in pairs. Petals five, elliptical. Fruit pointed, without tails. Involucrum of three, somewhat stalked, deeply cut leaves.

In groves, very rare. Near King's Langley, Herts; and Wrotham, Kent; and near Abbot's Langley. - Perennial. April.

5. MYOSURUS Linn. MOUSE-TAIL.

Calyx of 5 sepals, distinct at the base, or elongated downwards considerably. Petals 5 with a filiform tubular claw. Stamens 5-20. Ovaries, and afterwards fruits, several, triquetrous, very much crowded, inserted in a spike up the elongated receptacle, and terminated by the straight style. Dec.

1. M. minimus Linn.

Ε. Β. 7. 435.

Stems the length of the leaves or longer. Appendages of the calyx somewhat leafy. Dec.

In corn fields, on a gravelly soil. - Annual. May.

6. RANUNCULUS Linn. CROWFOOT, or BUTTERCUP.

Calyx of 5 sepals, which are not elongated at the base. Petals 5-10, with a nectariferous scale at the base. Stamens numerous. Cariopsides ovate, somewhat compressed, ending in a short horn or mucro, arranged in a globose or cylindrical head. - Roots fascicled.

1. R. Flammula Linn.

* Leaves simple.

Ε. Β. 6. 387.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, stalked. Stem reclining. Roots

fibrous. Fruit smooth. Smith.

In watery places, common. - Perennial. June-September.

2. R. Lingua Linn.

S.

Ε. Β. 2. 100.

Leaves lanceolate, pointed, nearly sessile, somewhat serrated. Stem erect, many-flowered. Root fibrous. Fruit smooth. Smith.

In marshes and ditches, not common. - Perennial. July.

3. R. gramineus Linn.

Ε. Β. 33. 2306.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, many-ribbed, entire. Stem erect, very smooth, with few flowers. Roots tuberous. Smith.

In dry alpine pastures in Wales. - Perennial. May, June.

4. R. Ficaria Linn.

Pilewort.

Ε. Β. 9. 584.

Leaves heart-shaped, angular, stalked, smooth. Petals numerous,

elliptic-oblong. Smith.

Ficaria ranunculoides Dec.

In meadows, bushy places, and about hedge banks, every where. - Perennial. April.

** Leaves lobed, or cut.

5. R. auricomus Linn. Goldilocks. Ε. Β. 9. 624. Radical leaves kidney-shaped, deeply three-cleft, notched; stemleaves divided to the base into linear segments. Stem manyflowered. Calyx coloured. Smith.

In dry groves, bushy and shady places, not uncommon. - Perennial, April, May.