6. R. sceleratus Linn. E. B. 10. 681. Stem erect, hollow, much branched. Leaves smooth; lower ones palmate; upper fingered. Fruit oblong, very numerous, minute. Smith. Common in watery places. Annual. June-August. 7. R. alpestris Linn. Ε. Β. 34. 2390. Leaves very smooth; radical ones somewhat heart-shaped, obtuse, in three deep lobed segments; those of the stem lanceolate, entire. Flower mostly solitary. Calyx smooth. Smith. In moist places, about two or three rocks, on the Clova mountains of Angusshire, rarely flowering. Sm. - Perennial. May. 8. R. bulbosus Linn. Ε. Β. 8. 515. Calyx reflexed. Flower-stalks furrowed. Stem upright, manyflowered. Leaves compound. Root bulbous. Fruit smooth. Smith. In pastures and meadows, common. - Perennial. May. 9. R. Philonotis Ehrh. Ε. Β. 21. 1504. Calyx reflexed, pointed. Stem upright, many-flowered, hairy. Root fibrous. Fruit tuberculated. Smith. Leaves ternate. R. hirsutus Curtis. ẞ smaller in all its parts. R. parvulus Linn. In moist meadows, and waste or cultivated ground that is liable to be over. flowed, frequent. ẞ on wet commons. - Annual. June-October. 10. R. repens Linn. Ε. Β. 8. 516. Calyx spreading. Flower-stalks furrowed. Shoots creeping. Leaves compound, cut; the uppermost entire. In meadows, pastures, and waste places, very common. - Perennial. June-Aug. 11. R. acris Linn. Calyx spreading. Flower-stalks round and even. Ε. Β. 10. 652. deep lobed and cut segments; those of the uppermost linear and entire. Stem erect, covered with close hairs. Smith. In meadows and pastures very common. - Perennial. June, July. 12. R. arvensis Linn. Ε. Β. 2. 135. Fruit very prickly at the sides. Leaves once or twice deeply threecleft, with linear-lanceolate segments. Stem erect, much-branched, many-flowered. Smith. In corn fields, not uncommon. - Annual. June. 13. R. parviflorus Linn. Fruit armed at the sides with hooked prickles. Ε. Β. 2. 120. Leaves simple, hairy, sharply cut; upper ones three-lobed. Stem prostrate. Smith. In gravelly fields and under hedges. - Annual. May, June. 14. R. hederaceus Linn. Ε. Β. 28. 2003. Fruit wrinkled. Leaves roundish kidney-shaped, with three or five lobes, entire, smooth. Stem creeping. Smith. In shallow rivulets, ditches, and pools. Perennial. May-August. 15. R. aquatilis Linn. Ε. Β. 2. 101. Stem floating. Leaves in capillary segments under water, above water three-parted, with cuneiform lobes toothed at the end. Petals obovate, larger than the calyx. Fruit hispid with rigid bristles. Dec. In ditches and ponds, common. -- Perennial. May, June. 16. R. pantothrix Dec. Stem floating. Leaves wholly in capillary segments. Petals obovate, larger than the calyx. Fruit smooth. Dec. R. circinatus Sibth. R. fluviatilis Wiggers. In ditches and ponds, common. - Perennial. May, June. 7. TROLLIUS Linn. GLOBE-FLOWER. Calyx coloured of 5-10-15 sepals which are deciduous and petaloid. Petals 5-10, small, tubular at the base, one-lipped. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Follicles numerous, sessile, subcylindrical, manyseeded. - Upright herbaceous plants, with palmate multifid leaves and fascicled roots. Dec. 1. T. europæus Linn. Ε. Β. 1. 28. Sepals 15, converging into a globe. Petals 5-10, the length of the stamens. Dec. In shady, mountainous, rather moist situations. - Perennial. May, June. 8. CALTHA Linn. MARSH-MARIGOLD. Calyx and petals 5 in number, undistinguishable from each other, coloured. Stamens indefinite in number. Ovaries 5-10. Follicles 5-10, compressed, spreading, many-seeded. - Perennial very smooth herbaceous plants. 1. C. palustris Linn. Stem erect. Leaves heart-shaped, rounded. Smith. ẞ minor; stem usually one-flowered, ascending. Dec. Ε. Β. 8. 506. In marshy meadows, and about the margins of ponds, rivers, and brooks, everywhere. In similar situations, but much less frequent. - Perennial. March, April. 3 May. 2. C. radicans Forst. Ε. Β. 31. 2175. Stem reclining, creeping. Leaves triangular, somewhat heartshaped, sharply crenate. Smith. By the sides of lakes and rivulets in Scotland. - Perennial. May, June. 9. HELLEBORUS Linn. HELLEBORE. Calyx persistent, of 5 sepals, which are roundish, obtuse, large, and often green. Petals 8-10, very short, tubular, narrow, and nectariferous at the base. Stamens 30-60. Ovaries 3-10. Stigmas terminal, orbicular. Follicles coriaceous; seeds arranged in a double row, elliptical, umbilicated. Dec. 1. H. viridis Linn. Ε. Β. 3. 200. Stem many-flowered, leafy. Leaves digitate. Petals spreading. Smith. In woods and thickets. In Oxfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Sussex, and other chalk countries. - Perennial. April, May. Ε. Β. 9. 613. 2. H. fætidus Linn. Bear's-foot, or Setter-wort. Stem many-flowered, leafy. Leaves pedate. Petals converging. Smith. In thickets and waste ground, on a chalky soil. - Perennial. March, April. 10. AQUILEGIA Linn. COLUMBINE. Calyz of 5 sepals, deciduous, petaloid. Petals 5, gaping upwards, their upper lip large and flat, their lower very small; each elongated downwards into a hollow spur, callous at the apex, and projecting between the sepals. Ovaries 5. Follicles the same number, erect, many seeded, pointed by the styles. 1. A. vulgaris Linn. Ε. Β. 5. 297. Spurs incurved. Follicles villous. Stem leafy, many-flowered, smooth, as well as the leaves. Styles not longer than the stamens. β. Stems one-flowered; spurs less curved. A. alpina Huds. In meadows, pastures, and thickets. 2. In more mountainous situations. Perennial. June, July. 11. DELPHINIUM Linn. LARKSPUR. Calyr deciduous, petaloid, irregular; the upper sepal elongated at the base into a spur. Petals 4; the two upper ones elongated at the base into appendages contained within the spur. Dec. 1. D. Consolida Linn. Ε. Β. 26. 1839. Stem erect, nearly smooth, branching in a straggling manner. Flowers few, in long racemes. Pedicels longer than the bracteæ. Follicles smooth. Dec. In sandy or chalky corn-fields. - Annual. June, July. 12. ACONITUM Linn. WOLF'S-BANE, or MONKSHOOD. Calyx petaloid, irregular, deciduous, or withering; the upper sepal concave and helmet-shaped. The two upper petals with long claws, expanding into a sac at the apex and concealed beneath the helmet. - Leaves palmate. Dec. 1. A. vulgare Dec. E. B. Supp. 2750. Upper petal arched at the back; lateral ones hairy at the inner side. Ovaries three, smooth. Leaves deeply five-cleft, cut, with linear segments, furrowed above. Smith. A. Napellus Smith. By the side of the river Teme, Herefordshire; and still more abundantly on the banks of a brook, running into that river. Smith. Perennial. June, July. Spurious Ranunculacea. 13. АСТА Linn. Calyx deciduous, of 4 sepals. BANE-BERRIES, or HERB CHRISTOPHER. 1. A. spicata Linn. 14. PÆONIA Linn. PEONY. Calyx of 5 sepals, foliaceous, unequal. Petals 5-10, nearly orbicular. 1. P. corallina Retz. Ε. Β. 22. 1513. Leaves twice ternate; leaflets ovate, undivided, smooth. downy, recurved. Smith. Follicles Abundant in the rocky clefts of the Steep Holmes, in the Severn. - Perennial. May, June. Order 2. BERBERIDEÆ Vent. Sepals 3-4-6, deciduous, in a double row, surrounded externally by petaloid scales. Petals hypogynous, either equal to the sepals in number, and opposite to them, or twice as many, generally with an appendage at the base in the inside. Stamens equal in number to the petals, and opposite to them; anthers generally with two separate cells, opening elastically with a valve from the bottom to the top. Ovarium solitary, one-celled; style rather lateral; stigma orbicular. Seeds attached to the bottom of the cell on one side, 1-2 or 3; albumen between fleshy and corneous; embryo straight in the axis. Shrubs or herbaceous perennial plants, for the most part smooth. 1. BERBERIS Linn. BERBERRY. Shrubs, Sepals 6, in a double row, externally scaly. Petals 6, with two glands at the base of each. Fruit fleshy, one-celled, 2-3-seeded. with spiny stems and leaves, and yellow racemose flowers. 1. B. vulgaris Linn. Ε. Β. 1. 49. Thorns three-cleft. Clusters pendulous. Leaves obovate-oblong, with bristly serratures. Petals entire. Smith. In hedges, and on bushy calcareous hills. - Shrub. May, June. 2. EPIMEDIUM Linn. BARRENWORT. Sepals 4, with two bracteolæ. Petals 4, with a scale at the base. Poa oblong, two-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. - Herbaceous plants, with compound leaves. Ε. Β. 7.438. 1. E. alpinum Linn. Order 3. NYMPHEACEÆ Dec. Sepals and petals numerous, imbricated, passing gradually into each other, the former persistent, the latter inserted upon the disk which surrounds the pistillum. Stamens numerous, inserted above the petals into the disk; filaments petaloid; anthers adnate, bursting inwards by a double longitudinal cleft. Disk large, fleshy, surrounding the ovary either wholly or in part. Ovary many-seeded, many-celled, with the stigmas radiating from a common centre upon a sort of flat urceolate cup. Fruit many-celled, not bursting. Seeds very numerous, attached to spongy dissepiments, and enveloped in a gelatinous arillus. Albumen farinaceous. Embryo small on the outside of the base of the albumen, enclosed in a membranous bag; cotyledons foliaceous. Herbs, with peltate or cordate fleshy leaves, growing in quiet waters. 1. NYMPHEA Linn. Sepals 4. Petals and stamens numerous, inserted into a disk which surrounds the sides of the ovarium, and adheres to it. Stigmata radiating. 1. N. alba Linn. White Water-lily. Leaves heart-shaped, entire ; even beneath. oblong. Rays of the stigma sixteen, recurved. Smith. In clear pools and slow rivers. - Perennial. July. 2. NUPHAR Smith. E. B. 3. 160. Sepals 5-6. Petals 10-18, inserted along with the numerous stamens into a disk which surrounds the base of the ovarium. Stigmata radiating. 1. N. lutea Smith. Yellow Water-lily. Ε. Β. 3. 159. Sepals 5. Border of the stigma entire. Footstalks two-edged. Lobes of the leaves meeting each other. Smith. In rivers and pools frequent. - Perennial. July. 2. N. pumila Hoffm. Sepals five. Border of the stigma toothed. N. Kalmiana Hook. Fl. Scot. not of others. Ε. Β. 32. 2292. Footstalks two-edged. |