Order 4. PAPAVERACEA Juss.

Sepals 2, deciduous.

Petals hypogynous, either 4, or some multiple of that number, inserted

in a cruciate manner.

Stamens hypogynous, either 8, or some multiple of four, generally very numerous, inserted in four parcels, one of which adheres to the base of each petal; anthers 2-locular, innate.

Ovarium solitary; style short or none; stigmata alternate with the placentæ, 2 or many; in the latter case stellate upon the flat of the ovarium.

apex

Fruit one-celled, either siliquiform with 2 parietal placenta, or capsular with several placentæ.

Seeds numerous. Albumen between fleshy and oily. Embryo minute, straight, at the base of the albumen, with plano-convex cotyledons. Herbaceous plants or shrubs with a milky juice. Leaves alternate, more or less divided. Peduncles long, one-flowered. Flowers never blue.

Stig

Sepals 2, convex. Petals 4. Stamens numerous. Style none. mata 4-10, radiating, sessile on the top of the ovarium. Capsule onecelled, dehiscing by minute valves concealed beneath the projecting rim of the top. Placenta projecting into the cavity, and forming incomplete dissepiments. Herbaceous plants, with divided leaves and white milky juice; the peduncles inflexed before flowering.

1. P. hybridum Linn.

* Capsules bristly.

Stem

E. B. 1. 43. Capsule nearly globular, furrowed, bristly. Calyx hairy. leafy, many-flowered. Leaves doubly pinnatifid. Smith.

In sandy or chalky fields, but rare. - Annual. July.

2. P. Argemone Linn.

E. B. 9. 643.

Capsule club-shaped, ribbed, bristly. Calyx slightly hairy. Stem leafy, many-flowered. Leaves doubly pinnatifid. Smith.

B. maritimum

Stem one-flowered.

P. maritimum Withering.

In corn fields and their borders, on gravelly or sandy ground. . In sandy ground near the sea. - Annual. June, July.

3. P. nudicaule Linn.

E. B. Supp. 2681. Capsule hispid, obovate-oblong. Sepals bristly. Peduncles very long, arising from the root. Leaves pinnatifid, with toothed or cut lobes. Dec.

On the north-west coast of Ireland. - Perennial. June.

** Capsules smooth.

E. B. 9. 644.

4. P. dubium Linn. Capsule smooth, oblong, angular. Stem many-flowered, hairy Bristles on the flower-stalks close-pressed. Leaves doubly pinnatifid. Smith.

In cultivated fields, especially on a light soil. - Annual. June, July.

5. P. Rhaas Linn.

Capsule smooth, nearly globular.

E. B. 9. 645.

Stigma many-rayed. Stem many-flowered, rough, like the flower-stalks, with spreading bristles. Leaves pinnatifid, cut. Smith.

In corn-fields, a troublesome weed. — Annual. June, July.

6. P. somniferum Linn.

-

E. B. 30. 2145.

Capsule nearly globular, smooth as well as the calyx and stem. Leaves notched, clasping the stem, glaucous. Smith.

On sandy ground in fens. Annual. July.

Style short. Stigmas 4-6,

radiating, convex, distinct. Capsule one-celled, dehiscing by 4-6 valves at the top. Placenta narrow, scarcely projecting.-Perennials, with yellow juice. Dec.

1. M. cambrica Dec.

E. B. 1.66

Capsule smooth, with 5-6 valves. Leaves numerous, stalked, pinnate, cut.

Papaver cambricum Linn.

In rocky humid places in Wales and Westmoreland. — Perennial. June.

Petals 4. Stamens numerous. Pod long, 2-valved, with the placentæ meeting in the middle, and forming a spongy dissepiment, which divides the cavity of the pod into two cells. Seeds destitute of a Biennials, with glaucous, scabrous, pinnatifid leaves, and yellow milky juice.

crest.

1. G. luteum Scopoli.

Stem smooth.

E. B. 1. 8.

Stem-leaves wavy. Pod roughish, with minute

tubercles. Smith.

G. flavum Crantz.

Chelidonium Glaucium Linn.

On the sandy sea coast. - Biennial. July, August.

In sandy fields, or on the sea coast, a very rare, or perhaps doubtful, native. Smith. Annual. June, July.

4. RÖMERIA Medicus.

Petals 4. Stamens numerous. Pod long, 2-3-4-valved; the valves opening from the top to the bottom. Placenta distinct. Seeds pitted, destitute of a crest.-Annuals, with yellow milky juice, and purple flowers. Dec.

1. R. hybrida Dec.

E. B. 3. 201.

Leaves

Pods 3-4-valved, erect, with rigid bristles at the apex.

doubly pinnatifid, linear, smooth.

Chelidonium hybridum Linn.
Glaucium violaceum Smith.

In corn-fields. Annual. May, June.

5. CHELIDONIUM Linn.

Sepals 2, smooth. Petals 4.

CELANDINE.

Stamens numerous.

Pod long, twovalved; the placentæ not connate; the valves opening from bottom Seeds crested. - Herbaceous plants, with smooth, brittle, tender leaves, and an acrid yellow juice.

to top.

1. Ch. majus Linn.

Peduncles umbellate.

E. B. 22. 1581.

Leaves pinnatifid, with rounded segments,

the lobes of which are toothed. Petals elliptical, entire. Dec. In waste ground and thickets, especially on a chalky soil. Junc.

2. Ch. laciniatum Miller.

Perennial. May,

Peduncles umbellate. Leaves pinnatifid; their segments cut into

linear, jagged, acute lobes.

Ch. majus B. Smith.

Petals serrate or cut. Dec.

Found at Wimbledon, in Surrey, according to Dillenius. - Perennial.
June.

May,

Order 5 FUMARIACEE Dec.

Sepals 2, deciduous.

Petals 4, cruciate, parallel; the two outer, either one or both, saccate at the base; the two inner callous and coloured at the apex, where they cohere and enclose the anthers and stigma.

Stamens 6, in two parcels, opposite the outer petals; anthers membranous, all two-celled, except by abortion.

Ovarium superior, one-celled; ovula horizontal; style filiform; stigma with two or more points.

Fruit various; either an indehiscent one or two-seeded nut, or a twovalved polyspermous pod.

Seeds horizontal, shining, with an arillus. Albumen fleshy. Embryo minute, out of the axis; in the indehiscent fruit straight; in those which dehisce, somewhat arcuate.

Herbaceous plants, with brittle stems and a watery juice. Leaves multifid.

1. CORYDALIS Dec.

Petals 4, of which one is calcarate at the base. pressed, many-seeded. Dec.

1. C. bulbosa Dec.

Stem mostly simple, erect. Leaves twice ternate.
longer than each flower-stalk. Smith.
Fumaria solida Smith.

Pod 2-valved, com

E. B. 21. 1471.

Bracteas palmate,

About Kendal, and in other parts of Westmoreland; also at Perry Hall, near Birmingham. At Wickham, Hampshire. -Perennial.

2. C. lutea Dec.

Pods nearly cylindrical, shorter than their stalks. erect. Bracteas minute.

Fumaria lutea Smith.

C. capnoides B Dec.

Spur short, rounded.

On old walls; very rare. - Perennial. May.

3. C. claviculata Dec.

Pods lanceolate, undulated.

in branched tendrils. Smith.

Fumaria claviculata Smith.

April, May.

Stem climbing. Foot-stalks ending

In bushy, shady situations. - Annual. June, July.

2. FUMARIA Tourn. Dec. FUMITORY.

Petals 4, the three upper connate at the base, the intermediate one being saccate. Fruit indehiscent, monospermous, not pointed by the style. Dec.

1. F. officinalis Linn.

Cluster rather lax. Pods single-seeded, globose, right stalks, twice as long as the bracteas. Segments of the leaflets lanceolate. Smith.

E. B. 9. 589. abrupt, on upStem spreading.

In cultivated ground, and about hedges; common. - Annual.

2. F. parviflora Lam.

May-August.

E. B. 9. 590.

Cluster lax. Pods single-seeded, globose, pointed. Stem spreading. Segments of the leaflets linear, channelled. Smith.

In fields in the south of England. - Annual. August, September.

3. F. capreolata Linn.

Cluster rather lax.

E. B. 14. 943.

Pods single-seeded, globose. Stem climbing
Leaflets wedge-shaped,

by means of the twisting footstalks.

lobed. Smith.

Fumaria media Loisel.

In cultivated fields; common about Liverpool. -Annual. June-September.

Order 6. CRUCIFERÆ Juss.

Sepals 4, deciduous, cruciate.

Petals 4, cruciate, alternate with the sepals.

Stamens 6, of which two are shorter, solitary, and opposite the lateral sepals, occasionally toothed; and four longer, in pairs, opposite the anterior and posterior sepals; generally distinct, sometimes connate, or furnished with a tooth on the inside.

Disk with various green glands between the petals and the stamens and ovarium.

Ovarium superior, unilocular, with parietal placenta often meeting in the middle, and forming a spurious dissepiment. Stigmata two, opposite the placenta.

Fruit a siliqua or silicula, one-celled, or spuriously two-celled; one, or many-seeded; dehiscing by two valves separating from the septum ; or indehiscent.

Seeds attached in a single row by a funiculus to each side of the placentæ, generally pendulous. Albumen none. Embryo with the radicle folded upon the cotyledons.

Herbaceous plants, annual, biennial, or perennial, very seldom suffruticose. Flowers usually yellow or white: seldom purple. Leaves alternate. Bracts none.

ANALYSIS OF THE SUBORDERS, TRIBES, AND GENEra.

SUBORDERS.

Radicle applied to the edges of the cotyledons

(0= accumbent)

Radicle applied to the back of the cotyledons (OII incumbent)

Cotyledons flat 011

Cotyledons folded lengthwise >>

PLEURORHIZEE

NOTORHIZEÆ.
ORTHOPLOCEÆ.

Calyx with two sacs at the base

Stigmas converging; thickened or cornute at the back

Stigmas two-lobed or capitate

1. MATHIOLA.
2. CHEIRANTHUS.