4. And he said to them, Go also ye into the vineyard, and L whatsoever is fair I will give to you. And they went.]

5. Again he went out about the sixth (=12) and the ninth L (=3 p.m.) hour, and did likewise.]

6. And about the eleventh hour (= 5 p.m.) he went out, and L found others standing; and he saith to them, Why have you stood all the day unemployed?]

7. They say to him, Because no one hired us. He saith to them, L Go ye also into the vineyard.]

8. And when it was evening, the master of the vineyard saith to L his bailiff, Summon the labourers, and pay to them the wage, beginning from the last unto the first.]—πiτрожоs] has passed into Jewish usage; see Dalman, Wörterbuch.

9. And they came (who had been hired) about the eleventh hour, L and received each a denarius.]

10. And the first came, and thought that they would receive L more; and they also received each a denarius.]

11, 12. And having received it, they murmured against the house- L holder, saying that these last laboured one hour, and thou hast made them equal to us, who bore the weight of the day and the heat.]— yoyyga] only here in Mt. It is equivalent to Dyns, Jer. Talm. Berakhoth 53. It is a vernacular word found in the LXX, N.T., and later writers; cf. Kennedy, Sources, 39. It occurs in Ox. Pap. i. 33, iii. 14, 2nd cent. A.D.-kavowv] a colloquial word found in the LXX, N.T., and late writers; cf. Kennedy, 154. καύσων occurs 15 times in the LXX, generally of a hot blasting wind = Heb. DP. It is used as here of heat in Athenæus, iii. p. 73a μελιλώτινοι στέφανοι πάνυ εὐώδεις καὶ καύσωνος ὥρᾳ ψυκτικώτατοι.

13. And he answered and said to one of them, Friend, I do not L wrong you didst not thou agree with me at a denarius ?]-Eraîpos] cf. 1116. It occurs again in the vocative, 2212 2650.

14. Take what is thine, and go: it is my will to give to this L latest (comer) even as to thee.]

15. May I not do what I will with my own (or in my house)? L or is thine eye grudging because I am liberal?] i.e. "do you grudge my generosity?" For Tovnpós and op0aλuós, cf. on 622

16. So the "last" shall be "first," and the "first" "last."] E That is, "in a similar way the saying about first and last will be fulfilled. All alike will receive the reward of eternal life, whether they became disciples of the kingdom at an earlier or at a later period."

At this point C D Si S3 al add πολλοὶ γάρ εἰσιν κλητοὶ ὀλίγοι Se KλEKTOί. But it is almost impossible to give the words any δὲ ἐκλεκτοί. meaning in this connection. They are genuine in 2214.

17-19. From Mk 1032-34

17. And as Jesus was going up to Jerusalem, Ile took the twelve M

M

disciples privately, and on the way He said to them.] Mk. has: And they were on the way going up to Jerusalem: and Jesus was going before them; and they were amazed; and they who followed were afraid. And taking again the Twelve, He began to tell them the things which were about to happen to Him." Mt. abbreviates Mk., omitting as often the unexplained amazement or fear of the disciples; cf. 1924 – Mk 1024, 186 = Mk 9o, Mt 827 = Mk 411, Mt 1723 = Mk 982; or of the multitude, cf. Mk 515. 39, and Mk.'s má and ori

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18. Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of Man shall be delivered to the chief priests and scribes, and they shall condemn Him to death.] So Mk. The agreement in "chief priests and scribes" without "elders" is proof of dependence. Cf. on 1621. M 19. And shall deliver Him to the Gentiles for mocking, and scourging, and crucifying: and on the third day He shall be raised again.]εἰς τὸ ἐμπαῖξαι] Mk. has καὶ ἐμπαίξουσιν, and adds καὶ ἐμπτύσουσιν αὐτῷ, καὶ σταυρῶσαι] Μk. has καὶ ἀποκτενοῦσιν. Mt.'s change is probably due to remembrance that crucifixion was the actual form of death. But there would be no difficulty in supposing that Christ, if He foretold His death, would speak of it as crucifixion. See on 1o38 —καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθήσεται] For Mk.'s μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἀναστήσεται, see on 1621.

M

M

17-19. Mt. and Lk. agree against Mk. in omitting Mk 82b, and in the omission of or, Mk 83; and of ráλw, Mk 82; in elπev, Mt 17, Lk 31; and in Tô tρity μépa, Mt 19, Lk 32. See Introduction, p. xlviii.

17. καὶ ἀναβαίνων] & Da/S1S. μέλλων δὲ ἀναβαίνειν, Β 1. The μέλλων is in Mt.'s style, cf. 1627 1712. 22 2022 248, but is weakly attested here.

20-28. From Mk 1085-45

20. Then there came to Him the mother of the sons of Zebedee with her sons, worshipping Him, and asking something from Him.] Mk. has: "And there come to Him James and John, the two sons of Zebedee, saying to Him, Teacher, we wish that Thou wilt do for us whatsoever we ask." The substitution of the mother instead of the two sons as the chief petitioner (cf. avty, v.21) is probably due to a desire to minimise the ambition of the Apostles. See Introduction, p. xxxiii.-TÓTE] See on 27TроσKUVεiv] See on 22-poσev] for Mk.'s historic present, as προσκυνεῖν] often. For the verb, see on 43.-airovσa] For the active voice, see on 147.

21. And He said to her, What do you wish? She saith to Him, Say that these my two sons shall sit, one at Thy right hand, and one at Thy left hand, in Thy kingdom.] Mk. has: "And He said to them, Who do you wish that I should for you? And they said, Grant to us that we may sit, one at Thy right hand, and

one at Thy left hand, in Thy glory.”—eis—kai eis] see Blass, p. 144.

22. And Jesus answered and said, Ye know not what ye ask. M Can you drink the cup which I am about to drink? They say to Him, We can.] Mk. has: "And Jesus said to them, Ye know not what ye ask. Can you drink the cup which I drink, or be baptized with the baptism with which I am baptized? And they said to Him, We can."-uw] see on 1627. Mk.'s "cup" and "baptism" both signify suffering. For "cup" as a metaphor of sorrow, cf. La 421, Is 5117. For "baptism," cf. Lk 1250, Mt. omits the latter clause as synonymous with the first, cf. 83, or simply on the ground of its obscurity.

23. He saith to them, Of My cup indeed ye shall drink; but to M sit at My right hand and at the left is not Mine to give, but (it shall be given to those) for whom it has been prepared by My Father.] Mk. has: "And Jesus said to them, The cup which I drink, ye shall drink; and with the baptism with which I am baptized, shall ye be baptized. But to sit at My right hand or at the left is not Mine to give, but (it shall be given to those) for whom it has been prepared.'

For Mt's addition, ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός μου, cf. 2541, ὁ ἡτοίμασεν ὁ жаτÝρ μоν, D 1 22 a b c ff12 g1 h.

24. And the ten having heard, were vexed about the two M brethren.] Mk. has: "And the ten, having heard, began to be vexed about James and John."-nyaváктnσav] The aor. as often for Mk.'s ἤρξαντο and inf.—τῶν δύο ἀδελφῶν] Mt. avoids Mk.s express mention of the names of the two Apostles.

25. And Jesus having called them, said, Ye know that the rulers M of the Gentiles lord it over them, and the great ones have authority over them.] Mk. has: "And Jesus having called them, saith to them, Ye know that they which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great ones have authority over them.” δέ for καί, as often. εἶπεν for λέγει, as often.-οἱ ἄρχοντες] Μκ. has οἱ δοκοῦντες ἄρχειν, an unusual paraphrase. See Swete.—οἱ μεγάλοι] Mk. adds αὐτῶν.—κατεξουσιάζειν] is a very rare word. Its occurrence in Mt. and Mk. is proof of dependence. See on Lk 2225.

26. Not so is it amongst you. But whosoever wishes amongst M you to be great shall be your minister.] So Mk. with dé after outWS, and ἐν ὑμῖν after γενέσθαι instead of before μέγας.

27. And whosoever wishes among you to be first shall be your M servant.] So Mk. with πάντων for ὑμῶν.

28. Even as the Son of Man did not come to be ministered to M but to minister, and to give His life a ransom for many.] So Mk. with καὶ γάρ for ὥσπερ.

This is the first passage in the Gospel where the death which

M

M

M

has been foretold is described as intended to have a definite result or effect. For the idea of expiatory self-sacrifice, cf. 2 Mac 737. 38, 4 Mac 1722. "Give his life": cf. Mechilta (Ugol.) 207. "Moses gave his life for three things, and they were called by his name," 274.

22. πίνειν] C Ε al add from Mk. καὶ τὸ βάπτισμα 8 ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι βαπτισθῆναι.

23. πίεσθε] C Χ al add from Mk. καὶ τὸ βάπτισμα 8 ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι βαπτισθήσεσθε,

28. ȧvтì πо\\ŵv] S2 adds here: "But seek ye, that from littleness ye may increase, and not from greatness become little. What time ye are bidden to a supper party be not sitting down to meat in an honourable place, that there may not come one more honourable than thou, and the lord of the supper say to thee, 'Bring thyself down'; and thou be confounded in the eyes of the guests. But if thou sit down to meat in a lesser place, and there come one less than thou, and the lord of the supper say to thee, Bring thyself, and come up and sit down to meat'; then thou shalt have more glory in the eyes of the guests" (Burk). S' is wanting here, but did not contain the passage. Dabeffghm n and 6 Vulgate MSS have the same insertion, but without the negative in the second clause. The passage is ancient, and finds parallels in the Canonical Gospels. For the first sentence, with the negative in the second clause, cf. Mt 2312, Lk 1411 1814. For the rest, compare Lk 148-11. The negative of S2 looks like an afterthought to bring the originally independent first sentence into harmony with the following passage.

29-34. From Mk 1046-52

29. And as they go forth from Jericho, there followed Him a great multitude.] Mk. has: "And they come into Jericho. And as He goes forth from Jericho, and His disciples and a great (ikavou) multitude." Mt. abbreviates, omitting the quite needless statement of the entry into Jericho, including the Lord and His disciples (who have been mentioned in the last paragraph) in aurôv for auroù, inserting a verb for the oxλos, and substituting the more usual πολύς for ἱκανός.

30. And behold two blind men sitting by the roadside heard that Jesus is passing by, and cried, saying, Lord, have pity on us, Thou Son of David.] Mk. has: "The son of Timæus, Bartimæus, a blind beggar, sat by the roadside. And having heard that it is Jesus, the Nazarene, he began to cry, and to say, Thou Son of David, Jesus, have pity on me."-kai idov] see on 120-duo] Mt. substitutes two men for Mk.'s one, and as a consequence omits Mk.'s name of one man. But cf. his omission of the name Jairus in 918. For the "two," see on 828-Inσous] Mt. omits Mk.'s Nalapηvós. Cf. the same omission in 285 Mk 166. In 2669 = Mk 1467 he substitutes & Taλiλaîos.—expaέav] the aor., as often, for Mk.'s ἤρξατο and inf.—ἔκραξαν λέγοντες] for Mk.'s κράζειν καὶ Aéyew: cf. on 88.-Kúpte] for Mk.'s 'Inooû, see on 82.—viós] nom. for vocative; cf. Blass, 86 f. See on Lk 1838.

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31. And the multitude rebuked them, that they should be silent. But they cried the more, saying, Lord, have pity on us, Thou Son of

David.] Mk. has: "And many were rebuking him, that he should be silent; but he was crying much the more, Thou Son of David, have pity on me.”—¿πeríμnoev and ěkpaέav] aors. for Mk.'s impfs., as often.

82. And Jesus stood and called them, and said, What will ye M that I should do for you?] Mt. abbreviates three verses of Mk.

66

33. They say to Him, Lord, that our eyes may be opened.] Mk. M has: "And the blind man said to Him, Rabboni, that I may see.' 84. And Jesus, having compassion, touched their eyes; and M straightway they saw, and followed Him.] Mk. has: And Jesus said to him, Go, thy faith hath saved thee. And straighway he saw, and was following Him on the way"; vaтo tŵv óμμáтwv αὐτῶν] ὄμματα occurs only here and in the omitted section, Mk 822-26 The clause here is probably a reminiscence of that passage.-koλov@noav] aor. for Mk.'s imperf., as often.

29-34. Mt 83 and Lk 41 agree against Mk. in Kúpte for Μκ.'s Ῥαββουνεί. Cf. also παράγει, Mt 80 = παρέρχεται, Lk 37 Mk. has σTL

F.-XXI.-XXVIII. THE LAST DAYS OF THE

MESSIAH'S LIFE.

XXI. 1-11. From Mk 111-11.

XXI. 1. And when they came near to Jerusalem, and came to M Bethphage, to the Mount of Olives, then Jesus sent two disciples.] Mk. has: "And when they come near to Jerusalem, to Bethphage and Bethany, at the Mount of Olives, He sendeth two of His disciples."―yyiav, åtéoreidev] aors. for Mk.'s hist. presents, as often. Mt. inserts a second verb, λ0ɔv, to ease clause a, and omits Bethany. This probably is simply due to his tendency to omit redundant details. He feels that one village is sufficient to identify the scene. By payý = "IND_M'2 = "house of unripe figs "; cf. Dalm. Gram. p. 191.-TÓTE] see on 27.

2. Saying to them, Go into the village which is over against you, M and straightway you shall find an ass tied up, and a colt with her; loose, and lead to Me.] Mk. has: "And saith, Go (váyere) into the village which is over against you, and straightway entering into it, you shall find a colt tied up upon which no one of men ever sat; loose it, and bring."-Aéywv] for kai Aéye, as often.—πopeveσ0€] for væάyere. Cf. a similar change in 287 Mk 167. Tорeveσ bai occurs once in Mk 980 as a variant for raparoрeveola; in Mt. it occurs twenty-eight times. Mt. omits eiotropevóμevoi els avrýv as redundant.—ὄνον—καὶ πῶλον μετ' αὐτῆς] Mt. adds ὄνον in view of the passage which he is about to quote (v.). ȧyάyere is a more usual word in this connection than Mk.'s pépeTE.

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