the North Side of the Thames, a confiderable Distance from the Sea, and by Computation contained within the Walls, before the dreadful Fire in the Year 1666, above 20,000 Houses, which is not now above a fixth Part of that which is commonlycalled London. Q. What Buildings are moft remarkable in London? A. There are many magnificent Churches, and St. Paul's that is now rebuilt is a moft fumptuous Piece of Work. The Royal Exchange is most ftately, fo is Bedlam, and the Pillar on Fishfreet-bill, that was fet up in Remembrance of the Burning this City. The Bridge, Guildhall, the Cuftom-Houfe, and many other ftately Halls. Q. Which are the three moft noted Churches in England? A. St. Paul's, Weftminfier, and Salisbury; St. Paul's for Antiquity, Weftminfier for her curious Workmanship, and Salisbury for a Spire, and Variety of Pillars, Windows, and Gates. St. Paul's, before the great Conflagration of Fire, was renowned for her continual Society of the Living: Westminster is renowned for her Royal Sepulchres of the Dead; and Salisbury, for her tripartite: Calculation of the Year, having as many Windows, Pillars and Gates, as there are Days in the Year, of which Mr. Cambden, the famous Antiquary, thus writes: "How many Days in one whole Year there be, "Year; "So many Gates as Moons, one Year doth view, Strange Tale to tell, yet not so strange as true. And for our other Churches, the most renowned are, first, the Cathedral of Lincoln; fecondly, for a private B 3 private Parish Church, that of Radcliff in Brifto!; third, for a Chapel, that of King's College in Cambridge; fourth, the Minfter of Ely; fifth, for the curious Workmanship of the Glafs, that of Chrift-Church in Canterbury; fixth, for the exquifite Beauty of the Fronts, thofe of Wells and Peterborough; feventh, for a pleafant and lightfome Church, the Abbey Church at Bath; eighth, for an ancient and reverend Fabrick, the Minfter of York. Q. Which are the three chiefeft Rivers in England? A. Thames, Severn, and Trent, Thames renowned for the stately Buildings fhe paffeth by, and for Swans and Ships fhe beareth; Severn for her Swiftnefs, and beautiful Shores; Trent for her variety of Floods and Fish; which some think to be fo called from Trent, a French Word which fignifies Thirty; becaufe fhe beareth thirty feveral forts of Fish, and thirty Rivers fall into her Flood. Q. What Forest is that which was erected out of the Ruins of most Churches, Towns and Villages in England? A. New-Forefl in Hampshire, which William the Conqueror to erect, pulled down thirty-fix Churches, and brought all the Towns, Villages, and Houses, within the Compafs of thirty Miles, for a Forest for wild Beafts: For which heinous Offence, the Judgments of God foon overtook hist Pofterity; for William Rufus, his fecond Son, was there fhot with an Arrow by Walter Terril, and thereby loft his Life: One of his other Sons was there blafted with a peftilent Air: His Grandchild, purfuing his Chale, was there hanged amongst the Boughs. And thus much of this large Forest, in this fhort Difcourfe for Example and Hiftory. Q. Who was the first that brought Tobacco into England? A. It was firft brought into England by the Mariners of Sir Francis Drake in 1585; but brought into more Requeft by Sir Walter Raleigh, who is faid to have taken two Pipes thereof, as he was going to Execution. QWho erected Charing Cross? A. King Edward the Third, in Honour of his Wife Queen Elinor, whom he loved fo dearly, that dying in his Company in the North Country, and intending to bury her in Wefminfer-Abbey, in every Place where her Corpfe refted, he erected a moft magnificent Crofs; the laft of all was that at the End of the Strand, commonly called Charing-Crofs. Q. What four Counties are thofe in England, which are fam'd for four principal Qualities? A. Staffordshire, Derbyshire, Cheshire, and Lancafhire. Staffordshire for Beer and Bread, Q. How many Kings did formerly Reign in thefe Countries, whereof our Sovereign King George the Second is Monarch? A. In England were feven during the Saxon Heptarchy; in Wales three; in Ireland five, till it was fubjected to England by King Henry II. Scotland had formerly two Kings, one was of the Scots, the other of the Pias: Befides these there was a King of the Ifles of Scotland, and one of the Ifle of Man; and Henry VI. created Henry Beaucamp, Earl of Warwick, King of the Isle of Wight, fo that, reckoning them one with another, you will find them to amount to twenty Kingdoms. Q. Whereupon did the Antients Name England? the the World, engirdled round about by the Sea, having within it Plenty of all Things, and comely Perfonages the Poffeffors thereof, as St. Gregory on a Time said, feeing certain English Youths at Rome, Well may they be called Angli, English, because their Faces fhine like Angels. Q. Why was it called Britannia ?. A. Either from Brutus, or Britto, a King; or rather, as Mr. Cambden hath it, from Britt. Q. Who taught the English to make BroadCloth? A. The Flemings, who at the Invitation of King Edward III. came and fettled in England: Afterwards that wife Prince, Henry VII. encouraged it by lending Money to young Merchants and Tradefmen, the better to enable them to carry it on, till he found anfwerable Amends in the Ádvance of his Cuftoms; thefe Foreigners being afterwards perfecuted, Queen Elizabeth tenderly preferved them, to the very great Improvement of our Woollen Manufacture, and Relief of the Poor.. We are also indebted to Foreigners for the making of Arras, Dornix, and worsted Says; they also reftored Mufick, and found out divers Musical Inftruments, befides the laying on of Colours with Oyl, and the working of Pictures in Glass. Q. What Anfwer gave Queen Elizabeth when her Opinion was afk'd concerning the real Prefence of Chrift in the Sacrament? A. Chrift is the Word that fpake it, And as the Word did make it, I do believe and take it. Q. How long did Queen Elizabeth Reign? A. This excellent Queen was renowned all over the World, for her Wisdom, Prudence, Courage, ard Learning; fhe could fpeak five or fix Lan guages, guages, and delighted in the Mathematicks, Geography, and Hiftory. After the Defeat of the Spanish Armado, in 1588, fhe was a Terror to that King, and Nation. She reigned 44 Years four Months and odd Days, and died being much lamented, in the 70th Year of her Age, on the 24th of March, about Two in the Morning, 1602. She had many ftately Tombs built for her · in Wefiminfier-Abbey, and many other Places. If royal Virtues ever crown'd a Crown, If ever Princess put all Princes down, For Temperance, Prowefs, Prudence, Equity; This, this was fhe, who, in defpight of Death, Lives ftill ador'd, admir'd Elizabeth. In the Figure of a Book over her Effigies were written thefe Words:: They that truft in the Lord shall be as Mount · On one Side: Spain's Rod, Rome's Ruin, Netherland's Relief, Heaven's Gem, Earth's Joy, World's Wonder, Nature's Chief. On the other Side: Britain's Bleffing, England's Splendour, Under her:: I bave fought a good Fight, I have finifb'd my Courfe.. Read but her Reign; this Princess might have been For Wifdom call'd Nichalious, Sheba's Queen Against Spain's Holofornes, Judith, fhe Dauntless gain'd many a glorious Victory; B5 Not |