of David; Syria for its population, or rulers; and heart for the mind. The figure is employed also by the poets, as in the following, in which world is used for its inhabitants: "The world may dance along the flowery plain, Chased as they go by many a sprightly train." THOMSON. In the following, heaven is put for God who reigns there : "Inquirer cease; petitions yet remain While Heaven may hear, nor deem religion vain : But leave to Heaven the measure and the choice." JOHNSON. In the following, year is put for the products of the year: "Blossoms, and fruits, and flowers, together rise; And the whole year in gay confusion lies." ADDISON. "In these green days Reviving sickness lifts her languid head, Life flows afresh, and young-ey'd health exalts The whole creation round; contentment walks Spring o'er his mind, beyond the power of kings THOMSON. Here sickness, health, and contentment, are put for persons who are subjects of them. In the following, the heart, which grief assails, is put for the person who grieves: "The silent heart which grief assails Treads soft and lonesome o'er the vales; Sees daisies open, rivers run, And seeks, as I have vainly done, That solitude's the nurse of woe." PARNELL. Age, in the following passage, is put for the aged: 66 Age should fly concourse, cover in retreat YOUNG. The figure is often used in conversation; as, "Did he pay you in paper or in coin?" "He paid me in paper;" where paper, the name of the material, is put for the promises printed on it; that is, for bank bills. What is metonymy? How does it differ from the metaphor ? Give examples from the Bible. Give examples from the poets. Give examples from conversation. CHAPTER V. THE SYNECDOCHE. THE Synecdoche is the use of a term that properly denotes only a part of a thing, or one of a kind, in place of one that denotes the whole; or of one that denotes the whole instead of one that signifies only a part; as a species for a genus, or a genus for a species; a day for time, the hand for the whole person. Thus, in the following passage, swords and spears are put for military weapons generally: "And he shall judge among the nations, and rebuke many people; and they shall beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into pruning-hooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more" (Is. ii. 4). As iron and steel are used in many other battle weapons, and the discontinuance of war will as naturally lead to their appropriation to the arts of peace, swords and spears, which, in the age of the prophet, were the chief weapons employed in battle, are obviously put for the instruments of war generally that are capable of being converted to peaceful uses. In like manner, ploughshares and pruning-hooks are put for the instruments generally of husbandry and other unwarlike arts. In the following passage, the implements of agriculture and of war are used in the opposite order: "Prepare war; wake up the mighty men; let all the men of war draw near; let them come up. Beat your ploughshares into swords, and your pruning-hooks into spears" (Joel iii. 9, 10). In the following passage day is used by the figure: "These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens" (Gen. ii. 4). As the creation occupied six aays, the term is here used synonymously with days, or time. It is employed in the same manner in the expressions, "the day of power," "the day of temptation," "the day of trouble," "the day of adversity," "the day of wrath." Inhabitant is sometimes used by the figure for inhabitants, and man for men; as, 66 And now, O inhabitant of Judah, judge, I pray you, between me and my vineyard" (Is. v. 3), in which the appeal is made to the whole population of Jerusalem and Judea. In Isaiah vii. 18, 19, the fly and |