quisite for our benefit shall be laid on the declarations of births, marriages, or deaths, nor on the extracts from the registers, publications of banns, or certificates of the same; from which we have expressly excused, and do excuse, our subjects, as well as those foreigners who shall be parties in the said declarations, or to whom the said extracts are necessary.

XXXVI. No rector, vicar, curate, or other officer beforementioned, shall, for any of these acts, receive more than the sum ordered in the table annexed.

XXXVII. It is to be understood, that nothing in this our present edict shall repeal any grant made by us, or the kings our predecessors, to the Lutherans of Alsace, or to any other of our subjects, to whom, in some provinces, or towns of our kingdom, permission has been given to exercise a religion different from the Roman Catholic; with regard to whom the former regulations shall continue. AND WE DO HEREBY command our trusty and well-beloved counsellors who compose the parliament of Paris, that they register the same; and the said edict keep, observe, and executé, according to its true intent and meaning, any thing to the contrary notwithstanding: For this is our will and pleasure; and the better to give force and stability thereto, we have caused it to be sealed with our seal. Given at Versailles, in the month of November, in the year of grace 1787, and the 14th of our reign.

(Signed) LOUIS.

Table of Fees annexed to the Edict.

(In sterling Money.)

TO THE MINISTER.

For publishing banns, whether three times, or the parties
have obtained a dispensation for one or two publica-
tions, and the consent commonly called "Lettre de
recedo."

For a declaration of marriage
For ditto of decease

For every extract of marriage or decease, the same as
paid for the extracts of baptism, marriage, and burial
of Roman Catholics.

To OFFICERS of the KING'S COURTS.

01 8 1

To the officer who publishes the banns
To the clerk for posting it up and a certificate of publication 0 1
VOL. XV.
NO. XXIX. Р

Pam.

£. s. d.

0 0 10

To the judge for signing the certificate if required To ditto for a certificate to the second parish of the publication, &c. when the contracting parties have differ-01 8

ON A VISIT MADE TO SOME OF

THE PRISONS

IN

Scotland

AND

The North of England,

IN COMPANY WITH

ELIZABETH FRY;

WITH SOME GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE

SUBJECT OF PRISON DISCIPLINE.

BY JOSEPH JOHN GURNEY.

SECOND EDITION.

LONDON:

THE journey, which afforded me the opportunity of visiting, in company with my sister Elizabeth Fry, the prisons, to which the following little work relates, was taken during the eighth and ninth months of the last year. We travelled along the great north road through York to Edinburgh; from Edinburgh, by the eastern coast of Scotland, to Aberdeen; from Aberdeen, by the inland route through Forfar and Perth, back again to Edinburgh; thence, after a few days spent in that city, to Glasgow; from Glasgow to Carlisle, from Carlisle to Kendal, Lancaster, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield; from Sheffield, by Wakefield, again to York; from York, lastly, to our respective homes, one in the neighbourhood of Norwich, the other in that of London.

The principal object of our journey was connected with the concerns of our own religious Society, that of Friends; but we also made a point of inspecting the prisons in the several towns, through which we passed. In the course of this engagement, we observed a variety of particulars, which interested and affected us; and I think it right to communicate to the public the information which we collected, in the hope that it may afford some fresh stimulus, to the zeal already prevalent for improving our system of prison discipline.

It appears the more desirable to take this step, because incorrect statements respecting some of these prisons have found their way, in connexion with our visit, into the provincial newspapers; and it is evidently a matter of importance, that the public should be made acquainted with the real condition of these places of confinement.

The better the actual state of our prisons is known and understood, the more clearly will all men see the necessity of those arrangements, by which they may be rendered schools of industry and virtue, instead of the very nurseries of crime.

In a late interesting publication, the inquiry has been ably instituted," whether crime and misery are produced or prevented by our present system of prison discipline.' To that inquiry, the author alluded to, by his description of several ill regulated prisons, has given but too plain an answer: he has at the same time presented to us some prominent instances of a favorable kind; and, on the whole view of his case, has established the following important proposition that by those jails on the one hand, which are conducted on bad principles, crime and misery are produced and multiplied and on the other hand, that prisons, in which the prisoners are classified, inspected, instructed, and employed, have a powerful tendency to that, by which crime and misery will certainly be lessened, viz. the reformation of criminals.

To strengthen and confirm this proposition, by a variety of additional facts, is the chief object of the present work.

My Notes on all the more important prisons which we visited, have been read to the respective jailers, and have been carefully corrected since the date of our visit, by gentlemen on the spot. They may therefore, I trust, be considered accurate: they will not, however, be found to enter minutely into all the various details of each prison, but rather to dwell on those particulars, which are most connected with considerations of an interesting and important

nature.

I shall now proceed to lay these Notes before the reader, according to the order in which we actually visited the prisons; and I shall afterwards venture to trouble him with a few General Observations on the subject of prison discipline. I am not sanguine enough to suppose that any remarks of mine will have much effect in forming the views of others; but if they should be the means of inducing any persons, and more especially those in authority, to give to this important subject the consideration, which they have not yet given to it, I shall be satisfied in the belief that my efforts, however feeble, have not been entirely fruitless.

In the course of my work, it has been my particular endeavour to represent and embody the sentiments entertained by my sister Elizabeth Fry, whose experience with respect to prisons is much greater than my own. As I am persuaded of the truth and importance of those sentiments, and as they have been fully confirmed by my own observation, I hope I shall be excused, if I have been inadvertent enough, in any part of the work, to press them upon the reader a little too confidently.

Earlham, near Norwich,

First month, 14th, 1819.