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CONTENTS
OF
THE SECOND VOLUME.
CHAPTER XII.
ANIMISM (continued).
PAGE
Doctrine of Soul's Existence after Death; its main divisions, Trans-
migration and Future Life-Transmigration of Souls: re-birth
in Human and Animal Bodies, transference to Plants and Objects
--Resurrection of Body scarcely held in savage religion-Future
Life: a general though not universal doctrine of low races—
Continued existence, rather than Immortality; second death of
Soul-Ghost of Dead remains on earth, especially if corpse un-
buried; its attachment to bodily remains-Feasts of the Dead. 1
:
CHAPTER XIII.
Journey of the Soul to the Land of the Dead-Visits by the Living
to the Regions of Departed Souls-Connexion of such legends
with myths of Sunset: the Land of the Dead thus imagined as
in the West-Realization of current religious ideas, whether of
savage or civilized theology, in narratives of visits to the Regions
of Souls-Localization of the Future Life-Distant earthly
region Earthly Paradise, Isles of the Blest-Subterranean
Hades or Sheol-Sun, Moon, Stars-Heaven-Historical course of
belief as to such localization-Nature of Future Life-Continu-
ance-theory, apparently original, belongs especially to the lower
races - Transitional theories - Retribution-theory, apparently
derived, belongs especially to the higher races-Doctrine of Moral
Retribution as developed in the higher culture-Survey of Doc-
trine of Future State, from savage to civilized stages-Its prac-
tical effect on the sentiment and conduct of Mankind
44
CHAPTER XIV.
Animism, expanding from the Doctrine of Souls to the wider
Doctrine of Spirits, becomes a complete Philosophy of Natural
Religion-Definition of Spirits similar to and apparently
modelled on that of Souls-Transition-stage: classes of Souls
passing into good and evil Demons-Manes-Worship-Doctrine
of Embodiment of Spirits in human, animal, vegetable, and
inert bodies-Demoniacal Possession and Obsession as causes of
Disease and Oracle-inspiration-Fetishism-Disease-spirits em-
bodied-Ghost attached to remains of Corpse- Fetish produced
by a Spirit embodied in, attached to, or operating through, an
Object-Analogues of Fetish-doctrine in Modern Science-Stock-
and-Stone-Worship-Idolatry-Survival of Animistic Phraseo-
logy in modern Language-Decline of Animistic theory of
Nature
108
CHAPTER XV.
Spirits regarded as personal causes of Phenomena of the World-Per-
vading Spirits as good and evil Demons affecting man-Spirits
manifest in Dreams and Visions: Nightmares; Incubi and
Succubi; Vampires; Visionary Demons-Demons of darkness
repelled by fire-Demons otherwise manifest seen by animals;
detected by footprints-Spirits conceived and treated as material
-Guardian and Familiar Spirits-Nature-Spirits; historical
course of the doctrine-Spirits of Volcanos, Whirlpools, Rocks-
Water-Worship: Spirits of Wells, Streams, Lakes, etc.-Tree-
Worship Spirits embodied in or inhabiting Trees; Spirits of
Groves and Forests-Animal-Worship: Animals worshipped,
directly, or as incarnations or representatives of Deities; Totem-
Worship; Serpent-Worship-Species-Deities; their relation to
Archetypal Ideas
184
CHAPTER XVI.
Higher Deities of Polytheism-Human characteristics applied to
Deity-Lords of Spiritual Hierarchy-Polytheism: its course of
development in lower and higher Culture-Principles of its inves-
tigation; classification of Deities according to central concep-
tions of their significance and function-Heaven-god-Rain-god
-Thunder-god-Wind-god-Earth god-Water-god-Sea-god-
Fire-god-Sun-god-Moon-god
247
CHAPTER XVII.
Polytheism comprises a class of great Deities, ruling the course of
Nature and the life of Man-Childbirth-god-Agriculture-god-
War-god-God of the Dead-First Man as Divine Ancestor—
Dualism; its rudimentary and unethical nature among low
races; its development through the course of culture-Good and
Evil Deity-Doctrine of Divine Supremacy, distinct from, while
tending towards, the doctrine of Monotheism-Idea of Supreme
Deity evolved in various forms among the lower races; its place
as completion of the Polytheistic system and outcome of the
Animistic philosophy; its continuance and development among
higher nations-General survey of Animism as a Philosophy of
Religion-Recapitulation of the theory advanced as to its deve-
lopment through successive stages of culture; its primary phases
best represented among the lower races, while survivals of these
among the higher races mark the transition from savage through
barbaric to civilized faiths-Transition of Animism in the
History of Religion; its earlier and later stages as a Philosophy
of the Universe; its later stages as the principle of a Moral
Institution
CHAPTER XVIII.
RITES AND CEREMONIES.
Religious Rites: their purpose practical or symbolic-Prayer: its
continuity from low to high levels of Culture; its lower phases
Unethical; its higher phases Ethical-Sacrifice: its original Gift-
theory passes into the Homage-theory and the Abnegation-theory
-Manner of reception of Sacrifice by Deity-Material Transfer to
elements, fetish-animals, priests; consumption of substance by
deity or idol; offering of blood; transmission by fire; incense-
Essential Transfer: consumption of essence, savour, etc.-
Spiritual Transfer: consumption or transmission of soul of offer-
ing-Motive of sacrificer-Transition from Gift-theory to Homage-
theory insignificant and formal offerings; sacrificial banquets-
Abnegation-theory; sacrifice of children, etc.-Sacrifice of Sub-
stitutes; part given for whole; inferior life for superior; effigies
-Modern survival of Sacrifice in folklore and religion-Fasting,
as a means of producing ecstatic vision; its course from lower
to higher Culture-Drugs used to produce ecstacy-Swoons and
fits induced for religious purposes-Orientation: its relation to
Sun-myth and Sun-worship; rules of East and West as to burial
of dead, position of worship, and structure of temple-Lustration
304
by Water and Fire: its transition from material to symbolic puri-
fication; its connexion with special events of life; its appear-
ance among the lower races-Lustration of new-born children;
of women; of those polluted by bloodshed or the dead-Lustra-
tion continued at higher levels of Culture-Conclusion
CHAPTER XIX.
CONCLUSION.
Practical results of the Study of Primitive Culture-Its bearing least
upon Positive Science, greatest upon Intellectual, Moral, Social,
and Political Philosophy-Language-Mythology-Ethics and
Law-Religion-Action of the Science of Culture, as a means of
furthering progress and removing hindrance, effective in the
course of Civilization
362
443