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ESSAY IV.
THE POPES OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH
CENTURIES.
Altered Position of the Popes as Temporal Princes
Pontificate of Sixtus V
Progress and Encroachments of Protestantism
Strength of the Papacy
Order of the Jesuits
Their Services to the Holy See
Schism among
the Protestants .
Policy of the Papacy
Counter-revolution in favour of Catholicism
Its Effect on ecclesiastical Architecture
Jesuit Churches in Southern Germany
The Pope Head of the Catholic Confederacy
Schemes of Sixtus V
Lofty Pretensions of the Church
Repudiated by the Venetian Republic
Sixtus and Henry IV.
Santorio, Cardinal of Sanseverino
Disappointed of his Election to the Papacy
Clement VIII. and the Re-union of France
Collision of Jesuits with Monastic Orders.
Cardinal Borghese, Paul V.
Romanism in the Ascendant
Foundation of the College.de Propagandâ Fide'
Roman Catholic Missions.
Urban VIII. a temporal Prince
Rome hopes to re-unite England
Confederacy of Catholic Powers against England.
Policy of Charles I. and Duke of Buckingham
Policy of Urban VIII
The Thirty Years' War and Peace of Westphalia
The Papal Annals become barren
Financial System of the later Popes
Increase of Debt and annual Deficit
Innocent XI. and Louis XIV
State of Rome and its Territories in the Seventeenth Century
Deterioration of Agriculture
Poverty of the Peasantry and diminished Prosperity
Papal Government the worst in Europe
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ESSAY V.
CLEMENT XIV. AND THE JESCITS.
Qualifications for an Historian of the Jesuits
Supplementary Volume by M. Crétineau Joly
Scope of the Work .
Progress of the Reformation arrested by the Jesuits
Their Monopoly in Education.
State of Religion and Morality on the Continent
Jansenism
Result of Jesuit Dominion
Literature and the New Philosophy
Jesuit Missions to the Heathen.
Their Settlements in the New World
Charged with breaking the Rules of their Order
Their Fall in Europe inevitable
Expelled from the great Catholic Kingdoms
Death of Clement XIII. .
Meeting of the Conclave .
Division of Parties .
Cardinal de Bernis.
Attempt to precipitate the Election
Documents relating to the Conclave .
List of the Cardinals analysed .
Instructions of French Court to Cardinal Bernis
His Character of the 'Sacred College'
Plot to bribe the Cardinals
Intrigues and Counter-intrigues
Arrival of the Spanish Cardinals
Election of Ganganelli
His Character.
Nature of his Agreement with Spain and France
Reasons for his Election
His Views on the Jesuit Order .
Joy of the Roman People at his Election
Development of his Character .
His Reluctance to proscribe the Jesuits
Brief for their Suppression
Fierce Controversy on the Manner of Clement's Death
Last Months of his Life
Suspicions of Poison
His dying Words
Story of his Final Absolution
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ESSAY VI.
NEWMAN ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE.
De Maistre, Möhler, and Mr. Newman
297
Introduction to Mr. Newman's Book
299
Bishop Bull's Defence of the Nicene Faith
300
Anti-Nicene Fathers on the Doctrine of the Trinity
301
Biblical Criticism
302
Arguments of Petavius revived
303
The Canon and Authority of Scripture
304
Mr. Newman's preliminary Discussion
305
Distinctness of New Testament Teaching :
307
Theory of Development stated .
309
Place assigned by it to New Testament
310
Hints of Scripture developed into Doctrines
311
Scripture refined into Allegory
313
Early Fathers treated in same Manner
314
Medieval Theology
315
Development of Christianity
316
Probability of ‘Developing Authority'
318
Historical Development of Infallibility
319
Fallibility of Infallibility.
321
Argument for Infallibility—its Necessity
322
Its Attractiveness as an Hypothesis ·
323
Christianity perfected, while Mankind degenerated
325
Tests of Fidelity of Development
326
First Test–Preservation of Idea
327
Errors of Medieval Church, its Strength
328
Essential Ideal of Christianity
329
According to Mr. Newman, Monastic
330
Primæval Christianity
331
Heathen Notion of .
333
Second Test-Continuity of Principle
335
The Test applied
337
Illustrations of the Test
338
Supremacy of Faith
339
Arbitrement between Reason and Faith
Third Test-Power of Assimilation .
343
Dogmatic and Sacramental Principles
345
Catholicism a 'Developed Montanism'
346
Heresy of the Fathers
347
Fourth Test-Early Anticipation
348
a
Generation and Descent of Infidelity
350
Fifth Test-Logical Sequence.
3.31
Sixth Test- Preservative Additions
332
Deification of the Virgin Mary
3:53
Early Anticipations of the Fathers
353
Arianism its unconscious Parent
Its Motive analysed
3.38
• Additions' a Confession of Weaknoeg
360
Harmony of New Testament doctrine
Seventh Test-Chronic Continuance
362
Intermittence of
Papal Power in Middle Ages, Conservative of Christianity . 304
Greatness of the See of Rome.
36.5
Development of Christianity in Morality and Social Influence 366
Fallacy of Argument from assumed solitary Permanence of Rome 367
Prayers for Conversion of England to Roman Catholicism . 368
Interpretation of
370
Effect of the Destruction of English Church
371
Christianity of the Future
373
ESSAY VII.
RELATION OF THE CLERGY TO TILE PEOPLE.
Essential unity of Christianity
M. Michelet's view of Religion
Character of M. Michelet as an Historian .
The Family the Guarantee of Political Stability
Comparative Morality of France and other Countries.
Principles at Stake .
Office and Duties of the Clergy
Theory of the Church of England
The Confessional out of Date
Its Influence in Former Times
The Parent of Casuistry
Its evil Effect upon Morality
Picture of the Confessional by M. Michelet
The Director and · Direction'
The Secret of Jesuit Power
Origin of the Monastic System.
The Celibacy of the Secular Clergy
Its Advocates at the Present Day
Monastic Notions
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• Lives of the Saints'
Möhler's Argument in Favour of Celibacy
Its superior Sanctity not inculcated by Scripture
Language of our Lord and St. Paul .
Passage in St. Luke's Gospel
Earliest Christian Institutions .
Gnostic Sects.
Pauline Ideas of Evil
Protest of the Baden Clergy
Variance between the Eastern and Western Churches
Celibacy the Law of the Western Church .
Effect of Celibacy upon Character
Social Advantages of rejecting the Law
Married and unmarried Missionaries
Religious Influence of a married Clergy
' Independence of the Church' discussed
Relation between Church and State .
Established Churches
Married Clergy sufficiently independent
Incidental Advantages of voluntary Celibacy
Of a married Clergy
Test of clerical Fitness
Ecclesiastical ‘Power' a Phantom
Abrogation of ' Authority' in English Church
Principle of Toleration destructive of
Present Mission of the Clergy .
To be examples of the Gospel .
Abhorrers of Untruth
Strauss and ‘Lives of the Saints' compared
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