to THE HOUSE OF PEACE AND UNITY, as it is called by St. Cyprian,* THE ONE FOLD OF THE ONE SHEPHERD, as our Blessed Saviour himself terms it.+

I am, yours, &c.

J. M., D.D.

POSTSCRIPT.

ON THREE EMINENT PRELATES OF THE

ESTABLISHMENT.

The Right Rev. Dr. Burgess (as also the Rev. Mr. Grier) having frequently referred to the following Episcopal controvertists, B. Jewel, of Sarum, B. Taylor, of Down and Connor, and A. B. Wake, of Canterbury, in terms injurious to historical truth, as well as to the Catholic Religion, the author thinks it right to place these characters in rather a different light from that in which those writers have exhibited them, that is to say, in their true light. The former writer, Dr. Burgess, speaking of the doctrine of the Church of England, says that "it must be collected from her Articles, Homilies, &c., and

*S. Cypr. de Unit. Eccl.

+ John, x. 16.

from that learned, venerated, and authorized organ of that Church, Bishop Jewel."* It is generally known that Jewel's chief opponent was Dr. Thomas Harding, who had been his intimate acquaintance, and fellow professor in the University of Oxford. When they came to write against each other, at the beginning of Elizabeth's reign, Jewel in his Replie to Harding's Answeare, reproached him that, "not long si'thence he taught them, even in like sorte and in al respectes, as it is taught now." To this Harding answers in his Rejoindre to M. Jewel's Replie, "I am content, for truthes sake, freely to accuse myself. In certaine points I was deceived, I confesse, by Calvine, Melancthon, and a fewe others, as you by them are now deceived in many." things in extenuation of his ward's reign, he proceeds thus : "But what meant you, M. Jewel, of al men, thus uncourteously, and withal, falsely, to deale with me?— For who be you, good Syr, that thus upbraid me with the reproach of inconstancie? Are not you one M. John Jewel, that in St. Marie's Church at Oxford, subscribed openly, before the whole Universitie, to the Articles, by the Catholiques maintained, by the Gospellers impugned, after the disputacions there kept against Cranmer,

and sundry others Having said many conformity in Ed

Ridley, and Latimer, whereat you were present and did the office of a Notarie; and, after that you had heared the uttermost, what could be said of your side, subscribed you not to these Articles, that Christe's true and natural body and blood are verily and really present in the sacrament of the aulter, that the Masse is a sacrifice propitiatory &c."? In the next leaf, Harding adds, still addressing Jewel: "How changeable your faith is according to the chaunge of every Prince, to al them that ever knew you, it is not unknowen. What King Henry would to be chaunged, followed not you the same? Wherein he called backe with the lawe of the Sixe Articles, did you not retire, as it were, when his trumpet blew the retrait? In King Edwarde's daies, daunced you not after the pipe of that time? When Quene Marie came to the crowne, did you not frame yourself to be a conformable man to the Religion of that state, in every respecte, &c ?* In the raigne of the Quene's Majesty that now is, have you not followed whatsoever chaunge is propounded? And yet did you not once confesse to mee plainely in Sarisburie, when you came thither in visitation, that you never liked the supremacie of temporal

* Collier takes notice of Jewel's having penned the congratulatory Address of the University of Oxford to Mary on her accession to the Crown. Eccl. Hist. P. ii. p. 349.

Princes over the Churche of England? Did you not tell me that it stood neither with Scripture, nor with Doctours, nor with the judgment of the learned men of Germanie, Geneva, and the partes where you had bene?"

Having obtained promotion in Elizabeth's reign, one of his first acts was his famous challenge in a sermon preached at St. Paul's Cross. In this, after enumerating twenty-seven of the chief points of controversy between the Catholics and the Protestants, he engaged himself to go over to the communion of the former. "If all the learned men, that be alive, be able to bring forth any one sufficient sentence out of any old Catholic Doctor, in proof of them." With equal insincerity, or rather impudence, he exclaimed: "O Gregory! O Augustine! O Hierome! O Chrysostom! O Leo! O Paul! O Christ! if we be deceived you have deceived us:"* This implies that S. Gregory did not say Mass! that S. Augustine did not pray for the dead! that St. Jerom did not defend the invocation of Saints, and the Pope's supremacy, &c. Such barefaced falsities, when thundered out by a Prelate in his lawn sleeves, might, indeed, be swallowed by a gaping crowd, in St. Paul's Church yard, but could not fail of exciting the disgust and indignation of men of learning of

*Printed Sermon, fol. 41, First and Second Answer to Dr. Cole.

every religion. However, Jewel went on preaching and writing with the same unprincipled confidence, asserting what was clearly false, denying what was evidently true, misinterpreting, misquoting, clipping, enlarging and altering not only the writings of his opponents, but also those of the ancient Fathers and Doctors, to the number of hundreds and thousands of such frauds, as they have been reckoned up by Harding, Rostel, Walsingham, and others. It was not unusual with him to quote the words which S. Bonaventure, for example, Okeham, Cardinal Hosius, and other Doctors, had cited by way of objections to their opinions, and for the purpose of refuting them, as containing the doctrine of those Doctors themselves.* The detection of such frauds could not fail of producing several conversions to the Catholic faith, among persons of learning and sincerity. Hence Jewel's biographer and friend Dr. Humphreys, admits that "he spoiled himself and his cause," by the boldness of his challenges; and the learned Anthony Wood, after quoting Godwin's panegyric upon him, gives a very long quotation from Parsons of a contrary tendency, to which he himself ap

* As an instance of this, it may be mentioned, that about the middle of his celebrated Apology, Jewel charges Cardinal Hosius with certain impious sentiments respecting the Holy Scriptures, together with many outcries against the Pope and the Catholics, whereas the Cardinal had barely cited those sentiments from the Lutheran fanatic Swenkfeld, by way of censuring them.