An Encyclopaedia of Gardening, comprehending the theory and practice of horticulture, floriculture, arboriculture and landscape gardening including ... a general history of gardening in all countries, etc

ENCYCLOPÆDIA

GARDENING;

COMPRISING THE

THEORY AND PRACTICE

HORTICULTURE, FLORICULTURE,

ARBORICULTURE,

AND

LANDSCAPE-GARDENING,

INCLUDING

All the latest Improvements;

A GENERAL HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ALL COUNTRIES;

AND A STATISTICAL VIEW OF ITS PRESENT STATE,

WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR ITS FUTURE PROGRESS, IN THE
BRITISH ISLES.

AZ 2159

LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN,

PATERNOSTER-ROW.

ALIOTHEQUE CANTONAL
LAUSANNE

2 UNIVERSITAIRE

LONDON:

Printed by A. & R. Spottiswoode, New-Street-Square.

46169.

PREFACE.

The term Encyclopædia, applied to a single art, is meant to convey
the idea of as complete a treatise on that art as can be composed at
the time of its publication. No art has been more extended in its
objects, or improved in its practices within the last fifty years than
Gardening. During that period, numerous books have been written
in various departments of the subject; but in no work has the whole
Art of Gardening been included. The only books which have any
pretensions to completeness are the Gardener's Dictionaries: but
though some of these are copious on the culture of plants, and
others, in botanical description; yet in none is the subject of design,
taste, and the arrangement of gardens, adequately treated of; and
scarcely any thing is contained in these books, either on the History
or Statistics of Gardening. In the voluminous edition of Miller's Dic-
tionary, by Professor Martyn, though the title announces "the addi-
tion of all the modern improvements of landscape-gardening," there is
not an article bearing that title throughout the work; nor a single
quotation or abridgement from the writings of Whately, G. Mason,
Price, Repton, or any modern author, on the art of laying out
grounds.

The Encyclopædia of Gardening now submitted to the public treats of every branch of the Art, and includes every modern improvement to the present year. How much more systematically it is arranged than any preceding work, will appear by inspecting the Table of Contents; and with what degree of copiousness every part is discussed, by glancing over the work itself; which, independently of the numerous illustrative engravings, and condensed descriptive tables of fruits and flowers, contains a much greater quantity of matter than the four folio volumes of Miller's Dictionary.

Though this work, like every other of the kind, can only be considered as a compilation from books, yet, on various subjects, especially in what relates to Gardening History and Statistics, it was found advisable to correspond with a number of persons both at home and abroad. The favors of these Correspondents are here thankfully acknowledged; and their farther assistance, as well as that of every Reader willing to correct an error or supply a deficiency, is earnestly entreated, in order to render any future edition of the work as perfect as possible.

Besides modern books, it became necessary to consult some comparatively ancient and scarce works only to be met with in particular collections. Our respectful acknowledgments are, on this account, due to the Council and Secretary of the Linnæan Society; to the Council and Secretary of the Horticultural Society; to Robert Brown, Esq. the possessor of the Banksian library; and to William Forsyth, Esq., whose collection of British works on Gardening is more than usually complete.

It remains only to mention, as a key to this work, that to save room, the prenoms and other additions to names of persons are not inserted; only contracted titles of the books referred to are given; and the names of gardens or country residences are mentioned, without, in many cases, designating their local situation. By turning to the General Index, the names of persons will be found, with the addition of their prenoms and other titles, where known, at length; and there the abridged titles of books are also given complete, and the names of residences, accompanied by that of the county or country in which they are situated. The botanical nomenclature which has been followed is that of Sweet's Hortus Suburbanus Londinensis, with only one or two exceptions; the reasons for which are given where they occur. The systematic names of insects, or other animals, or of minerals, are generally those of Linnæus: some exceptions are also noted. In various parts of the work etymological and other explanations will be found, which, to one class of readers, may be unnecessary. But it is to be considered that we address ourselves to Practical Gardeners as well as to the Patrons of Gardening; and our opinion is, that to enlighten, and generally to raise the intellectual character of the former, will ultimately be found the most efficient mode of improving them in their profession, and thus rendering them more truly valuable to the latter.

By referring to the Kalendarial Index, those parts of this work which treat of Garden Culture and Management may be consulted monthly, as the operations require to be performed; and by recourse to the General Index, the whole may be consulted in detached portions, as in a Dictionary of Gardening.

J. C. L.

Bayswater, March 12. 1822.

CONTENTS.

PART I.

GARDENING CONSIDERED IN RESPECT TO ITS ORIGIN, PRO.

GRESS, AND PRESENT STATE AMONG DIFFERENT NATIONS,

GOVERNMENTS, AND CLIMATES.

BOOK I.

HISTORY OF GARDENING AMONG ANCIENT AND MODERN NATIONS.

CHAP. I.

Of the Origin and Progress of Gardening in the earliest Ages of Antiquity, or

from the Tenth Century before the Vulgar Æra to the Foundation of the