With her her Neece, the Lady Blanch of Spaine, 68 With them a Baftard of the Kings deceast, And all th'vnfetled humors of the Land, 70 Rash, inconfiderate, fiery voluntaries, With Ladies faces, and fierce Dragons fpleenes, 69. Kings] King Ff, Rowe, Pope,+, Cap. Var. '78, '85, Rann, Steev. Var. '03, '13, Huds. ii. seq. deceaft] deceaf'd F,F4, Rowe et 70. th'onfetled] Ff, Rowe, Pope,+, Coll. Wh. i, Dyce ii, iii, Fle. the unsettl'd Cap. the unsettled Var. '73 et cet. 71-75. Rash...heere:] Om. Donovan. 71, 72. In parentheses Ktly, Sta. Dyce ii, iii, Huds. +. 74 71. inconfiderate] inconsid'rate Pope, fiery] firy Mal. Steev. Var. '21. voluntaries] Volunteers F4, Rowe i. 72. Ladies...Dragons] ladies'...dragons' Theob. ii. et seq. 74. birth-rights] F2, Cap. birth-right F3F4. birthright Rowe, Pope, Han. birthrights Theob. et cet. name was Até, mother of debate And all dissension, which dayly grow Amongst fraile men, that many a publike state And many a priuate oft doth ouerthrow.'-ed. Grosart, IV, i, ll. 168-171; again, 'Thereto him Até stird, new discord to maintaine.'-Ibid., v, 1. 203. This last is quite apposite to the present line in King John. Até is one of the Dramatis Personæ in Locrine, 1595, and there enacts the part of Chorus at the beginning of each Act and speaks the final speech as an Epilogue. In the note on the passage from Jul. Cæs. (quoted above) in this edition I hazarded the conjecture that Shakespeare may have obtained his knowledge of Até from a passage in Chapman's translation of Homer's Iliad, Bk xix, 11. 91-94; this, I now see, is quite untenable. The first seven books were translated in 1598, but the whole of the work did not appear until 1611, which is too late either for any reference in Jul. Cæs. or in the present play. I therefore now incline to regard Spenser as the likely source of Shakespeare's knowledge on this point.ED.] SINGER (Sh. Vind., p. 84): The correction of 'An Ace' to An Até, which had been set right since Rowe's time, is certainly not improved by being changed to As Até [by the MS. Corrector]. 69. With them... deceast] MALONE: This line except the word 'With' is borrowed from the old play, The Troublesome Raigne, [see Appendix, p. 483, l. 68]. Our author should have written king. But there is certainly no corruption, for we have the same phraseology elsewhere. [Compare Pericles: 'She was of Tyrus the king's daughter.'-IV, iv, 39.] 74-79. Bearing... Christendome] MALONE (Chronological Order, etc., Var. '21, vol. i, p. 312): Perhaps the description contained in these lines was immediately suggested to Shakespeare by the grand fleet which was sent against Spain in 1596. It consisted of eighteen of the largest of the Queen's ships, three of the Lord Admiral's, and above one hundred and twenty merchant ships and victuallers, under the command of the Earls of Nottingham and Essex. The regular land forces on board amounted to ten thousand; and there was also a large body of voluntaries (as they were then called) under the command of Sir Edward Winkfield. Many of the nobility went on this expedition, which was destined against Cadiz. The 75 To make a hazard of new fortunes heere: To doe offence and scathe in Christendome: 80 ii, iii, Col. iii, Huds. ii, Words. Craig. scath Cap. et cet. 79. Christendome:] christendom. Rowe et seq. fleet sailed from Plymouth on the third of June, 1596; before the end of that month the great Spanish armada was destroyed, and the town of Cadiz was sacked and burned.... Many of our old historians speak of the splendor and magnificence disdisplayed by the noble and gallant adventurers who served in this expedition. 74. birth-rights... on their backs] JOHNSON: So in Henry VIII: '—many Have broke their backs with laying manors on them.'-I, i, 84.-[UPTON, whose Remarks on three of Jonson's Plays appeared in 1749, quotes (p. 65) the present passage as an allusion to the expedition of 1596, comparing it to one in Epicone: 'I had as fair a gold jerkin on that day, as any was worne in the iland-voyage, or at Cadiz.'-I, iv. (ed. Gifford, p. 362). It is but fair, I think, to give Malone the benefit of the doubt that he was not aware of his having been thus anticipated.— ED.]-STAUNTON (Introd., p. 391), in commenting upon the foregoing observation by Malone, which he, however, ascribes to Johnson, says: 'We must be cautious in attaching particular meaning to descriptions which would apply with equal truth to almost any expedition. The fleet which the Earls of Nottingham and Essex led against Cadiz was not the only one which had been partly manned by gentlemen. History furnishes too many instances where men "Have sold their fortunes at their native homes" that they might participate in adventures of a similar kind; and Shakespeare may have derived the materials of Chatillon's description from the chronicles of different periods and various countries.'-[The same idea occurs in Gascoigne's Epilogus to the Steele Glas, 1575: 'The elder sorte, go stately stalking on, And on their backs, they beare both land and fee, Castles and Towres, revenewes and receits, Lordships and manours, fines, yea fermes and al.' (ed. Cunliffe, i, 173). -Marshall likewise furnishes a passage from Burton, Anat. of Melan., ''tis an ordinary thing to put a thousand okes, and an hundred oxen into a suit of apparel; to wear a whole manour on his back.'-Part iii, Sec. 2, Mem. 3, Subs. 3.—ED.] 77. waft] For other examples of the past tenses and participles of verbs ending in t, where the present remains unaltered, see WALKER, Crit., ii, p. 324 et seq., or ABBOTT, 242. Compare 'The iron of itself though heat red hot.'—-IV, i, 69. 79. scathe] That is, harm, injury. Compare 'To pray for them that have done scathe to us.'-Rich. III: I, iii, 317. 80. churlish drums] WRIGHT: The same epithet is applied to the drum in Venus & Adonis: 'Scorning his churlish drum and ensign red.'-l. 107. 80. drums] MOBERLY: As Shakespeare introduces drums at Athens and Rome, he may well use them in France in the twelfth century. The word 'timbale,' Cuts off more circumstance, they are at hand, 81 Drum beats. 85 To parlie or to fight, therefore prepare. Kin. How much vnlook'd for, is this expedition. Aust. By how much vnexpected, by so much We must awake indeuor for defence, For courage mounteth with occafion, Let them be welcome then, we are prepar'd. Enter K. of England, Baftard, Queene, Blanch, Pembroke, and others. 90 K.Iohn. Peace be to France: If France in peace permit Our iuft and lineall entrance to our owne; If not, bleede France, and peace ascend to heauen. Their proud contempt that beats his peace to heauen. 81-83. hand,...To parlie or to fight,] hand. To parley or to fight, Pope,+. hand, To parley, or to fight; Cap. et seq. 82. Drum beats.] Drummes beats. FF. Drums beat. F,. et seq. (subs.). 84. expedition.] Expedition! F, et seq. 86. indeuor] endeavor F3F4. 87. occafion] occasion Fleay. 88. SCENE II. Pope, Han. Warb. Johns. 89, 90. Enter...and others.] Ff, Rowe, Pope,+. Enter King John, Elinor, Blanch and Richard. Donovan. Flourish: Enter King John, and his Power: Bastard, and Lords with him; Elinor and Lady Blanch. Cap. et cet. 89. K.] King. Ff, Rowe, Pope,+. King John. Cap. et seq. Bastard,] Faulconbridge, Theob. Warb. Varr. Rann. Falconbridge, Dyce, Hal. Huds. ii, Words. 89. Queene] Elinor Pope et seq. Pembroke] Pembrook F3F4. 95 90. and others.] and Forces. Mal. et seq. 91. France:] France! Huds. i. 92. owne;] Ff, Rowe, Pope,+, Coll. Wh. i, Ktly, Huds. i, Cam. own. Fleay. own! Cap. et cet. 93. If not,] If not; Cap. Varr. Mal. Steev. Varr. Sing. Ktly. If not,- Hal. 93, 95. heauen....heauen.] Ff. Heav'n. ...Heav'n. Rowe, Warb. Johns. Heav'n! ...heaven Pope, Theob. Han. ...heaven. Coll. Wh. i, Ktly. heaven. Cam.+, Del. Fle. heaven. Cap. et cet. heaven; heaven,... Heaven!.... 94. Whiles] Whilst Rowe, Pope,+. 95. beats] Ff, Rowe, Pope, Theob. Warb. Johns. Coll. Sing. ii, Wh. i, Ktly, Sta. Cam.+, Fle. Dono. beat Han. et cet. being derived, according to Diez, from the Arabic tabal, proves the Oriental origin of this instrument, which, in fact, came from the Moors in Spain. 96. if that warre returne] MOBERLY: Perhaps Philip points at the English army (war) as he speaks.-[The image evoked of a personified War returning to England 'there to live in peace' is certainly unusual; but is it any more so than that of 'grim-visaged War' smoothing his 'wrinkled front' and capering 'nimbly in a lady's chamber,' as in the first lines of Richard III.?-Page explains this line substantially as Moberly above, taking 'that' as redundant instead of demonstratively; 97 From France to England, there to liue in peace: Out-faced Infant State, and done a rape Vpon the maiden vertue of the Crowne: 100 105 Looke heere vpon thy brother Geffreyes face, 97. peace:] Ff. peace. Rowe, Pope, Johns. Coll. Wh. i, Ktly, Huds. Cam. +, Del. Fle. Rlfe, Neils. Craig. peace! Theob. et cet. 98. and for] Ff, Rowe, Pope,+, Dyce, Huds. Cam.+, Neils. and, for Cap. et cet. 99. burden] burthen F4, Rowe, Pope, +, Varr. Rann. Mal. Wh. i. 108 Var. '73, '78, '85. Rann. her Coll. ii. (MS.). this S. T. P. (N. & Q., V, i, 263). 103-105. Om. Words. Dono. 104. Out-faced] Outfaced Dyce, Sta. Fle. Huds. ii. 105. maiden vertue] maiden-virtue Rowe, Pope, Ktly. Crowne:] crown. Rowe et seq. 106. Geffreyes] Geffrey's Rowe. face,] Ff, Rowe, Pope,+ (-Var. '73). face; Cap. face. Ktly. face;Var. '73 et cet. 108-110. Om. Donovan. but is it not here the conjunctional affix, equivalent to if (so be) that, as explained by ABBOTT (§ 287), with the example, 'If that the youth of my new interest here Have power to bid you welcome.'-Mer. of Ven., III, ii, 224?-ED.] 102. vnder-wrought] STEEVENS: That is, underworked, undermined. 102. his] COLLIER (ed. ii.): Countries are usually spoken of in the feminine, and the MS. Corrector properly substitutes her for 'his'; her and 'his' were frequently confounded because both, of old, were spelt with the same vowel.— [WRIGHT, commenting on this alteration, says: ""his" is, however, the neuter possessive pronoun.' See 1. 202, below.-ED.] 104. Outfaced Infant State] WRIGHT: That is, browbeaten, put down by intimidation or bravado, the state that belongs to an infant. See V, i, 53: ‘outface the brow Of bragging horror,' and Hamlet: 'Dost thou come here to whine To outface me.'-V, i, 301. And compare Henry V: 'I will not say so for fear I should be faced out of my way.'-III, vii, 90. 108-110. abstract... breefe] H. BAYLEY (p. 189) compares, for this use of 'abstract' and 'breefe' as classicisms, whose body is an abstract or a brief Contains each general virtue in the world.'-Anon., 1596, Edward III: II, i, 82.ROLFE compares: 'Behold, my lords, Although the print be little, the whole matter And copy of the father.'-Winter's Tale, II, iii, 97. 108. that large] PAGE: We take 'large' here as a noun antecedant to 'which,' and equivalent to largeness, full size, full growth. Arthur's little form is a com Which died in Geffrey: and the hand of time, 109. died] dy'd Rowe,+, Varr. Rann, Mal. 110. huge] large Rowe,+ (―Var. '73). 112. fonne,] son; Pope,+, Cap. Geffreys] Geffreyes F2. 113. this] his Mason (Comments, p. 154), Wh. Dyce ii, iii, Huds. ii, Words. 113. Geffreyes] F3. Geffreyes: F2. Geffreys, F4. Geffrey's, Knt. Geffrey's. Coll. Sing. ii, Wh. i, Ktly, Sta. Del. Dono. Craig. Geffrey's son Jervis. Geffrey's; Rowe et cet. God:] God Pope, Han. Sta. Cam. +, Fle. Wh. ii, Neils. God. Knt. plete abstract or miniature copy of the fully-grown Geoffrey. That large' is thus in antithesis with 'this brief' in l. 110, as well as with 'little abstract' in this same line. 110. this breefe . . . a volume] MOBERLY: Shakespeare's experience of lawdeeds was in many ways sufficient to show him the expansive force in such documents when paid for by the line. 110. huge] CAMBRIDGE EDD. (Note VIII, p. 99): Large, which was doubtless a misprint for 'huge' in Rowe's edition, remained uncorrected by Pope, Theobald, Hanmer, Warburton, and Johnson, though Grey noticed the mistake (Notes, i, p. 230). Capell restored the true reading. 113. this is Geffreyes] MASON (Comments, p. 154): I have no doubt but we should read-'And his is Geffrey's.' The meaning is, 'England was Geffrey's right, and whatever was Geffrey's, is now his,' pointing to Arthur.-KNIGHT: We have restored the punctuation of the original: 'And this is Geffrey's, in the name of God.' Perhaps we should read with Mason: 'his is Geffrey's.' In either case, it appears to us that King Philip makes a solemn asseveration that this (Arthur) is Geffrey's son and successor, or 'Geffrey's right' is his (Arthur's)—in the name of God; asserting the principle of legitimacy by divine ordinance. As the sentence is commonly given, Philip is only employing an unmeaning oath.— [As will be seen, Knight's punctuation—a period at the end of the line-is not a 'restoration' of the Folio text, but is a reading original with Knight.-ED.]—R. G. WHITE: Although it passes the power of human understanding to comprehend what would, by [the Folio] reading, be spoken of as Geffrey's, it has been hitherto retained. Mason corrected the almost obvious typographical error, one easily made at any time, and still more probable here on account of the occurrence of 'And this' immediately above.-C. & M. COWDEN CLARKE: The construction of the sentence 'this his son' in the previous line, being elliptical for 'this boy is his son,' leads us to believe that 'this is Geffrey's' elliptically implies 'this boy is Geffrey's' -meaning: 'this boy's right is what was Geffrey's,' or 'to this boy now belongs that which was Geffrey's.' The repetition of a word in a sequence of sentences, like 'this' in the present one, is quite accordant with Shakespeare's style; and he has instances of the possessive case understood instead of expressed.-HUDSON (ed. ii.): I suspect the correction ought to be carried still further [than Mason's his for 'this'], and Arthur's substituted for 'Geffrey's': 'England was Geffrey's |