disciple in the thirteenth century by the words of the twenty-fourth Psalm. 37. Under the feet of His apostles, therefore, in the quatrefoil medallions of the foundation, are represented the virtues which each Apostle taught, or in his life manifested; -it may have been, sore tried, and failing in the very strength of the character which he afterwards perfected. Thus St. Peter, denying in fear, is afterwards the Apostle of courage; and St. John, who, with his brother, would have burnt the inhospitable village,' is afterwards the Apostle of love. Understanding this, you see that in the sides of the porch, the apostles with their special virtues stand thus in opposite ranks. Now you see how these virtues answer to each other in their opposite ranks. Remember the left-hand side is always the first, and see how the left-hand virtues lead to the right-hand 38. Note farther that the Apostles are all tranquil, nearly all with books, some with crosses, but all with the same message," Peace be to this house. And if the Son of Peace be there," "2 etc.* * The modern slang name for a priest, among the mob of France, is a "Pax Vobiscum," or shortly, a Vobiscum. 1 [Luke ix. 54: for Peter's "denying in fear," see Matthew xxvi.; for his courage, Acts i. 15, ii. 14, iv. 13, etc.] 2 [Luke x. 6.] But the Prophets-all seeking, or wistful, or tormented, or wondering, or praying, except only Daniel. The most tormented is Isaiah; spiritually sawn asunder. No scene of his martyrdom below, but his seeing the Lord in His temple, and yet feeling he had unclean lips.1 Jeremiah also carries his cross-but more serenely. 39. And now I give, in clear succession, the order of the statues of the whole front, with the subjects of the quatrefoils beneath each of them, marking the upper quatrefoil A, the lower B. The six prophets who stand at the angles of the porches, Amos, Obadiah, Micah, Nahum, Zephaniah, and Haggai, have each of them four quatrefoils, marked, a and c the upper ones, B and D the lower.2 Beginning, then, on the left-hand side of the central porch, and reading outwards, you have3— Now, right-hand side of porch, reading outwards: 7. ST. PAUL, A. Faith. B. Idolatry. 8. ST. JAMES, BISHOP. A. Hope. 1 [Isaiah vi. 5: compare Ruskin's commentary on the passage in Fors Clavigera, Letter 45 (Vol. XXVIII. pp. 145-146).] 2 [See the Plan (Plate XII.), where the place of the additional quatrefoils in the case of these "angle" prophets is now marked with an asterisk 19*," etc.] 3 [M. Durand (vol. i. p. 330) gives a different interpretation of the disciples. For No. 5 he gives St. Simon or St. Jude; for No. 6, St. Bartholomew; for No. 9, St. Thomas; No. 10, St. Matthew; No. 11, St. Philip; and No. 12, St. Simon or St. Jude.] Now, left-hand side again-the two outermost statues: 13. ISAIAH. A. "I saw the Lord sitting upon a throne." vi. 1. 14. JEREMIAH. A. The Burial of the Girdle. xiii. 4, 5. Right-hand side: 15. EZEKIEL. A. Wheel within wheel. i. 16. B. "Son of man, set thy face toward Jerusalem." xxi. 2. 16. DANIEL. A. B. "He hath shut the lions' mouths." vi. 22. "In the same hour came forth fingers of a man's hand." v. 5. 40. Now, beginning on the left-hand side (southern side) of the entire façade, and reading it straight across, not turning into the porches at all except for the paired quatrefoils: 17. HOSEA. 18. JOEL. 19. AMOS. A. "So I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of silver." iii. 2. "So will I also be for thee." iii. 3. B. A. The Sun and Moon lightless. ii. 10. A. "The Lord will cry from Zion." i. 2. B. To the "The habitations of the shepherds shall mourn." i. 2. vii. 8. iv. 7. 20. OBADIAH. Inside A. "I hid them in a cave." 1 Kings xviii. 13. porch B. "He fell on his face." xviii. 7. To the c. The captain of fifty. front 21. JONAH. 22. MICAH. To the D. The messenger.1 A. Escaped from the sea. B. Under the gourd. A. The Tower of the Flock. iv. 8. B. Each shall rest, and "none shall make them afraid." iv. 4. Inside c. "Swords into ploughshares." iv. 3. porch D. "Spears into pruning-hooks." iv. 3. 23. NAHUM. To the c. Thy princes and thy great ones. iii. 17. front { 24. HABAKKUK. A. "I will watch to see what He will say." ii. 1. B. The ministry to Daniel.2 Inside To the A. The houses of the princes, ornées de lambris.3 i. 4. c. The Lord's temple desolate. i. 4. D. "Thus saith the Lord of Hosts." * See the Septuagint version.* i. 7. [Ruskin gives no Bible references here, because the interpretation of the subjects is doubtful: see below, p. 158.] 2 [See below, p. 159.] "Ceiled houses" in the English Version.] [The English version gives "the bittern shall lodge in the altar lintels"; the Septuagint and Vulgate give "the hedgehog."] 27. ZECHARIAH, A. The lifting up of Iniquity. v. 6-9. 28. MALACHI. A. "Ye have wounded the Lord." ii. 17. 41. Having thus put the sequence of the statues and their quatrefoils briefly before the spectator (in case the railway time presses, it may be a kindness to him to note that if he walks from the east end of the cathedral down the street to the south, Rue St. Denis, it takes him by the shortest line to the station)-I will begin again with St. Peter, and interpret the sculptures in the quatrefoils a little more fully. Keeping the fixed numerals for indication of the statues, St. Peter's quatrefoils will be 1A and 1 B, and Malachi's 28 A and 28 B. 1, A. COURAGE, with a leopard on his shield; the French and English agreeing in the reading of that symbol, down to the time of the Black Prince's leopard coinage in Aquitaine.* 1, B. COWARDICE, a man frightened at an animal darting out of a thicket, while a bird sings on. The coward has not the heart of a thrush.2 2, a. Patience, holding a shield with a bull on it (never giving back).† For a list of the photographs of the quatrefoils described in this chapter, see the appendices at the end of this volume. [The photographs themselves are here reproduced, Plates XIV.-XXXI.] In the cathedral of Laon there is a pretty compliment paid to the oxen who carried the stones of its tower to the hill-top it stands on. The tradition is that they harnessed themselves,3-but tradition does not say how an ox can harness himself even if he had a mind. Probably the first form of the story was only that they went joyfully, "lowing as they went." But at all events their statues are carved on the height of the tower, eight, colossal, looking from its galleries across the plains of France. See drawing in Viollet-le-Duc, under article "Clocher." [The French writers call it a lion: see Durand, vol. i. p. 332, and Mâle (L'Art Religieux du XIII Siècle, 1902, p. 152) (referring to Proverbs xxx. 30: "a lion, which is strongest among beasts, and turneth not away for any"). For the leopard, see above, p. 71.] dark. [According to Mâle (pp. 166–167) the bird is an owl, to show that it is [The tradition is given by Guibert de Nogent, De Vita Sua, lib. iii. ch. xiii., cited by Mâle (p. 75). One day one of the oxen carrying up materials fell fatigued, |