graduate from the secondary school system of Denmark has had, it is well to keep the following points in mind:

1. The Mellemskole offers the lower level of secondary training and closes with the Mellemskoleeksamen (middle school examination). A certificate of having passed this examination admits the holder to a gymnasium or to the 1-year real school course.

2. Most gymnasia offer two lines of training-the modern language and the mathematics-science line. A few gymnasia also offer a classical-linguistic line.

3. Graduation from a gymnasium is marked by a certificate of having passed the Studentereksamen (student examination). This certificate is the regular prerequisite for admission to institutions of university rank in Denmark.

4. In the Mellemskole and the gymnasium the school year consists of about 41 weeks with 6 days of instruction per week and 6 periods of 50 minutes each of recitation per day.

5. The total number of recitation periods in the 3-year course of the gymnasium is about 4,328. Dividing this number by 25 which is the average number of recitation periods per week in a high school in the United States, the 4,328 recitation periods correspond to 173.12 5-day weeks. Counting 41 weeks as a school year we find that on a purely time basis the 3-year course of the gymnasium in Denmark corresponds to 4.22 years at a high school in the United States.

6. Primary and secondary education in Denmark is completed normally in 11 or 12 years. Ordinarily the graduate of a gymnasium is about 18 or 19 years of age when he receives the certificate of having passed the Studentereksamen. If he has a good mastery of English he should be able to take up the work at a standard university or college in the United States at the beginning of the freshman year.

7. The secondary schools of Denmark are under the direct guidance of the Ministry of Education which, as we have seen, arranges the minimum requirements of the curricula, inspects the schools, and in the case of the municipal and private secondary schools grants the right to hold final examinations. It prepares the questions for the written part of the various leaving examinations of the secondary schools and appoints the censors who assist in the examinations.

8. The Mellemskoleeksamen is conducted by the teachers of the school and as an examination is not of much importance except as an extrance examination to the gymnasium and to the Realklasse. At the Studentereksamen the pupil's teacher is the chief examiner but two censors approved by the Ministry of Education must be present. The questions to be answered in writing are the same for all schools. To pass the Studentereksamen the pupil must receive a mark of at least "good minus."

9. The Realeksamen marks the completion of study in the Realklasse and qualifies one who has passed it for vocational training in technical, commercial, and agricultural courses at higher institutions; and for lower civil-service positions, apprenticeships, and various other appointments.

10. The Pigeskoleeksamen (girls' school examination) is the leaving examination from a girls' secondary school. It is practically on a par with the Realeksamen and perhaps a trifle more advanced. In 1931 this examination was passed by 84 pupils.

11. In addition to the examinations mentioned, there is the almindelige Forberedelseseksamen (general preliminary examination). This is the leaving examination of a Realskole (real school). Prior to the reorganization of education in 1903 and 1904, the real schools were the schools of nonclassical, modern, or scientific secondary training. After the establishment of the Mellemskoler and the Realklasse, the number of schools offering the general preliminary examination declined from 178 in 1907 to 21 in 1913; since then the number has increased so that in 1931 the examination was offered by 67 Realskoler. The examination at present is practically on a par with the Realeksamen.

C. INSTITUTIONS OF UNIVERSITY RANK

The institutions of university rank in Denmark 2 include: 1. One national university:

Köbenhavns Universitet at Copenhagen.

(University of Copenhagen).

The enrollment at each of the institutions of higher training in Denmark during the academic year, 1930-31, unless otherwise indicated, was as follows: Köbenhavns Universitet, 5,025; Universitetsundervisningen i Jylland (1931-32), 126; Den Polytekniske Laereanstalt (1931-32), 901; Den Kongelige Veterinaer og Landbohöjskole, 681; Handelshöjskolen, 472; Den Farmaceutiske Laereanstalt, 86; Det Kongelige Akademi for de Skönne Kunster, 251; Tandlaegeskolen, 164.

2. One institution which offers some work on university levels:

Universitetsundervisningen i Jylland at Aarhus (University Instruction in Jutland).

3. At least six institutions which offer advanced training in trade and professional subjects:

(a) Den Polytekniske Laereanstalt, Danmarks Tekniske Höjskole
at Copenhagen (The Polytechnical Institute, Technical
College of Denmark).

(b) Den Kongelige Veterinaer og Landbohöjskole at Copen-
hagen (The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural College).
(c) Den Handelsvidenskabelige Laereanstalt, Handelshöjskolen
at Copenhagen (The School of Commercial Science, Com-
mercial College).

(d) Den Farmaceutiske Laereanstalt at Copenhagen (The Phar

maceutical Institute).

(e) Det Kongelige Akademi for de Skönne Kunster at Charlottenborg, Copenhagen (The Royal Academy of Fine Arts). Tandlaegeskolen at Copenhagen (School of Dentistry).

KÖBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET (UNIVERSITY OF
COPENHAGEN)

Administration and organization. The University of Copenhagen was founded in 1478, and opened during the following year by virtue of a bull issued by Pope Sixtus IV in 1475. It is a national institution under the general supervision of the Ministry of Education, but is practically self-governing through its own akademiske Laererforsamling (academic faculty council), Konsistorium (consistory), rector, administrator, and faculties.

The highest authority within the university is the faculty council composed of all of the professors, Docenter (instructors), and Lektorer (lecturers) of the university.

The consistory consists of 20 members, 15 of whom are elected for a 4-year period by the faculty council from among its members and 5 of whom are the deans of the various faculties. In addition, unless they already are consistorians, the rector, the assistant rector, and the administrator are members ex officio; as is also an ex administrator for 2 years after the expiration of his duties as administrator.

The rector and the administrator are elected by the faculty council, the former for a 1-year and the latter for an 8-year period. Anyone who has been a member of the consistory for 1 year is eligible for the position of rector. The administrator must be selected from the faculty of law and political science.

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By royal statute the university is charged with the obligation to conduct scientific research and instruction; and to offer the examinations and opportunity for the preparation for the examinations assigned it, which, according to law and regulations, are necessary for certain professional appointments and for the practice of certain activities. For the fulfillment of this charge the instructional staff is divided into the five faculties listed below, each of which is under the direction of a dean selected annually (Graph II, p. 8):

Det filosofiske Fakultet (the faculty of philosophy).

Det matematisk-naturvidenskabelige Fakultet (the faculty of

mathematics-science).

Det rets og statsvidenskabelige Fakultet (the faculty of law and
political science), also called (the faculty of law and economics).
Det laegevidenskabelige Fakultet (the faculty of medicine).
Det teologiske Fakultet (the faculty of theology).

Studieplaner (study plans).-Each faculty organizes the courses of instruction within the faculty and prepares plans of study in accordance with the royal regulations governing the various examinations it offers. These plans of study generally contain the examination regulations or portions of them with which the student should be familiar; the subjects of instruction with the requirements for each; and such general information as will help to guide the student, especially during the early part of his course.

Academic year. The academic year consists of two semesters; a fall semester from September 1 to December 22, and a spring semester from February 1 to June 9.

Requirements for admission.-The standard requirement for admission to the University of Copenhagen is for a man or woman to be of good character and to have bestaaet den danske Studentereksamen (passed the Danish student examination) or an equivalent Danish examination. In addition, admission may be granted:

1. By the consistory to one who previously has matriculated as a student at a foreign university provided the matriculation at the foreign university was not based on a Danish examination which would not qualify for admission to the University of Copenhagen.

2. On the recommendation of the consistory by the Ministry of Education to one who has passed en udenlandsk