major subjects, from 2 to 4 minor subjects, and a final examination.

To be eligible for this examination the candidate must have passed one of the regular examinations of the college with one Karakter (first mark). He must also have fulfilled the entrance requirements for a student in surveying or forestry, or for a veterinary student; and if he has not passed an examination in Latin, he must fulfill the requirements for a veterinary student in this subject.

A candidate from another institution is eligible to this Specialuddannelse (special training) when in the judgment of the curriculum committee he possesses the necessary qualifications.

Undervisning for Beslagsmede (instruction for farriers).— During May-June and September-October of each year the college offers a course in the art of farriery or horseshoeing. The course requires no entrance examination but the college reserves the right of refusing admission to one who would not be benefitted by the instruction offered.

The course includes 7 hours every week-day of training in the art of farriery and at least 4 hours per week in horseshoeing. It concludes with two 2-hour practical tests and one oral test.

In grading, the same system of marks is used as for the regular examinations of the college. After passing the examination the student is given an Eksamensbevis (examination certificate) with a separate mark for blacksmith work, horseshoeing, and farriery and with a Hovedkarakter or average and final mark.

HAN

DEN HANDELSVIDENSKABELIGE LAEREANSTALT DELSHÖJSKOLEN (THE SCHOOL OF COMMERCIAL SCIENCE, COMMERCIAL COLLEGE)

The School of Commercial Science or the Commercial College at Copenhagen began in 1917, when the Foreningen ti! unge Handelsmaends Uddannelse (association for the training of young business men) established a department of commercial science as an evening school in connection with the Köbmandsskolen (Merchants School) at Copenhagen. The connection with the Merchants School was severed in 1922, and 2 years later a regular 2-year day course was begun.

The college began its career in its present form on May 18, 1929, when the evening and day units were drawn more closely together by a scheme of studies approved by the Ministry of Commerce.

The purpose of the college is to offer training which will qualify its students for leading positions in commerce and related fields such as banking, insurance, accounting, auditing, and advertising, and for commercial positions within industry and commerce.

The Commercial College is subsidized by the National Government. It is under the supervision of a board appointed by the Ministry of Commerce and the approval of the latter must be obtained for its courses of study and examinations.

Training is offered in two departments; den Handelsvidenskabelige Afdeling (department of commercial science) and den Handelssproglige Afdeling (department of commercial languages), each of which offers a 2-year course supplemented in the former by the further training in Specialstudier (special studies) and in the latter by Sprogstudier (language studies).

Each of the various lines of training offered in these departments concludes with one of the examinations described below. The written and oral examinations or tests in a subject are conducted by the instructor concerned in the presence of two censors appointed for a 2-year period by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Examinations held at the close of the first year of study require the presence of only one censor.

The skriftlige Opgaver (written themes and propositions) are made out by the instructors concerned at least 3 months before the time of the examination and submitted to the censors for approval. For answering each the student is allowed usually 4 hours. One may not present himself for the same examination more than three times.

The marks used in grading are the same as those used in the commercial schools of the country and are given below with the indicated numerical value for each. The number in parentheses represents the numerical value of the mark when used as the Gennemsnitskarakter or average and final mark for the examination. In order to pass the examina

tion this final mark, unless otherwise stated, must be at

of the examinations are taken at the close of the second semester in May and June.

EXAMINATIONS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCIAL SCIENCE

Handelsvidenskabelig Afgangspröve (leaving examination in commercial science).—The leaving examination in commercial science marks the completion of the toaarige Studium (2-year course) in the department of commercial science. Admission to preparation for this examination is open:

(a) To one who has passed the Studentereksamen.

(b) To one who has passed the Höjere Handelseksamen (higher examination in commerce, i.e., the leaving examination from a commercial gymnasium).

(c) After one semester of successful attendance on probation to a business man who has passed either the Handelseksamen (commercial examination on lower secondary school levels) or the Realeksamen (real examination), who, in addition, has had several years of practical experience and who, during that time in some manner or other, has attained sufficient development and maturity.

(d) To teachers of commerce who desire additional training, or to one who wishes to become a commercial teacher. In the latter case admission as a regular student occurs only after success during a semester of probational attendance.

The training begins with a two-semester Forkursus (preliminary course of instruction in bookkeeping, commercial

arithmetic, office work, two foreign languages, stenography, and typewriting which the student must pass in order to be permitted to continue commercial study. The second semester of this course is conducted as practical work in an Övelseskonter (practice office). In addition, preparation for the examination includes the following listed courses among the first three of which a major shall be selected:

(a) Commercial science including commercial history, commercial technique, traffic in goods, transportation, banking and exchange, insurance, and knowledge of goods.

(b) Business economics including general business economics, industrial economics and factory organization, organization and technique of advertising, organized selling and market analysis.

(c) Accounting including office work, political science, and analysis of accounting.

(d) Industrial economics including the industrial life of Denmark and the necessary fundamentals of statistics and economics followed by a study of the market, industrial policies, and finance.

(e) Industrial law, including commercial law and legal relations of particular interest to industrial life.

At least two languages selected from among English, German, French, and Spanish. If the student wishes he may take the other two as optional subjects.

Before he is eligible for the leaving examination a student without previous practical experience must perform at least 2 months of voluntary practical work.

The examination includes an 8-hour written Hovedopgave (main proposition) in the major subject. In addition, there is a written proposition in industrial economics and in each of the languages. If commercial science or business economics is the major there is a written proposition in accounting and if the latter is the major there is a written proposition in business economics. There are 2 oral tests in the major and 1 in each of the remaining subjects.

In grading, the mark for the major proposition counts double as do also the average mark for the two oral tests in the major and the combined mark for either accounting and industrial economics or business economics and industrial economics. In the remaining subjects of the examination there is a separate mark for each written and oral test.

One who has passed the leaving examination in commercial science and who has sufficient practical experience may after

training in one of the special studies offered by the college present himself for the examination for candidate in commercial science.

Diplompröven (diploma examination).—The diploma examination requires at least 2 years of training in one of the Specialstudier (special studies) of commeree, accounting, auditing, banking, insurance, or advertising. The training is more advanced than that required for the leaving examination and is planned mainly for those who are regularly employed and who are interested in early morning or evening classes. Admission to preparation for the examination is

open:

(a) To one who has passed the leaving examination in commercial science and who, in addition, has sufficient practical training. (b) To a business man with sufficient practical training who has passed part I of the Embedseksamen in law or in political science (see pp. 35, 38), or the theoretical part of the Revisoreksamen (examination for auditors), or Höjere Handelseksamen (higher commercial examination), or who has passed an Adgangspröve (entrance examination) in industrial economics and industrial law. In addition, one who wishes to study banking or insurance must pass a Saerprove (special examination) unless he has passed previously Afgangsproven from Köbmandsskolens Bankskole or Forsikringsskole (leaving examination from either the school of banking or of insurance at the Merchants School); and one who wishes to study commerce, accounting, auditing, or advertising must pass an examination in bookkeeping unless he can show by documentary evidence that he already has this preparation. The examination consists of a main proposition which may take the form either of 4 weeks of home work or of an 8-hour written examination or test. In addition, there are 2 lesser written propositions and an oral test.

In grading, the student receives a separate mark for his oral test and for each of the written propositions with the mark for the main proposition and the oral test counting double. To pass the diploma examination the student must receive a mark of at least "good" for his main proposition as well as for the average for the examination.

One who has passed the diploma examination is entitled after further study to present himself for the examination for candidate in commercial science.

Handelsvidenskabelig Kandidateksamen (examination for candidate in commercial science).-One who has passed the