Romans for the benefit of children, 77
Chilon, his closing hours, i. 207 Cholera, theological notions respect- ing the, i. 356
Christian and pagan virtues com- pared, i. 190
Christianity; distinctions between the pagan and Christian concep- tions of death, i. 208. The im- portance of Christianity recognised by pagan writers, 336. Causes of this, 338. Examination of the theory which ascribes part of the teaching of the later pagan moralists to Christian influence, 340. Theory which attributes the conversion of Rome to evi- dences of miracles, 346. Opinion of the pagans about the credulity of the Christians, 347. Incapacity of the Christians of the third cen- tury for judging historic miracles, 375. And for judging prophecies, 376. Contemporary miracles rep- resented as existing among them, 377. Christian miracles had pro- bably little weight with the pagans, 385. Progress of Chris- tianity to what due, 386, 387. Singular adaptation of it to the wants of the time, 387. Heroism it inspired, 390. Explanation of the conversion of the Roman Em- pire, 393. Account of the perse- cutions of the Christians, 395. Reasons why the Christians were more persecuted than the Jews, 403, 406, 407. The first cause of the persecution of the Christians, 406. Charges of immorality brought against them, 414. Due in a great measure to Jews and heretics, 416, 417. The distur- bance of domestic life caused by female conversions, 418. Anti- pathy of the Romans to every system which employed religious
terrorism, 421. Christian intole- rance of pagan worship, 423. And of diversity of belief, 424- 427. History of the persecutions, 429. Nero's, 429. Domitian's, 431. Condition of the Christians under the Antonines, 434. Be- come profoundly obnoxious to the people, 436. Marcus Aurelius, 439, 440. Introduction of Chris- tianity into France, 442, and note. Attitude of the rulers towards it from M. Aurelius to Decius, 451, et seq. Condition of the Church on the eve of the Decian persecu- tion, 448. Gallus, 454. Valerian, 454. Gallienus, 455. Erection of churches in the Empire, 457. Persecutions of Diocletian and Galerius, 458. End of the perse- cutions, 463. Massacre of Chris- tians in Phrygia, 464. Moral efficacy of the Christian sense of sin, ii. 3. Dark views of human nature not common in the early Church, 5. The penitential sys- tem, 6. Empire Christianity at- tained in eliciting disinterested enthusiasm, 8. Great purity of the early Christians, 10, 11. The promise of the Church for many centuries falsified, 12. The first consequence of Christianity a new sense of the sanctity of human life, 17. Influence in the protec- tion of infant life, 20-32. the suppression of gladiatorial shows, 34. Its effect upon per- secutions, 40, et seq. The penal code not lightened by it, 42. Condemnation of suicide, 43. Second consequence of Christianity Teaches universal brotherhood, 61. Slavery, 61-66. Ransom of captives, 72. Charity, 73. Exer tions of the Christians in the cause of charity, 75, 79. Their exertions when the Empire was
subverted, 81, 82, 88. Theologi- cal notions concerning insanity, 85-90. Almsgiving, 90-92. Beneficial effect of Christianity in supplying pure images to the imagination, 97. Summary of the philanthropic achievements of Christianity, 100. Ways in which the ascetic mode of life affected both the ideal type and realised condition of morals, 122, et seq. History of the relations of Christianity to the civic virtues, 140. Improvements effected by Christianity in the morals of the people, 153. Attitude of Chris- tianity to the barbarians, 178. How it achieved their conver- sion, 179-181. Tendency of the barbarians to adulterate it, 181. Legends of the conflict between the old gods and the new faith, 181. Fierce hatred of rival sects, and total destruction of religious liberty, 194, 200. Poly- theistic and idolatrous form of Christianity in medieval times, 229. The doctrine of purgatory, 232. Benefits conferred by the monasteries, 243-245. The ob- servance of Sunday, 245. Influ- ence of Christianity upon war, 254, 259. Upon the consecration of secular rank, 260, et seq. Upon the condition of women, 316, et seq. Strong assertion of the equality of obligation in marriage, 345, 346. Relation of Christianity to the female virtues, 358, et seq.
Chrysippus on the immortality of the soul, i. 183
Chrysostom, St., his labours for
monachism, ii. 107. His treatment of his mother, 132
Cicero on the evidence of a Divine
element within us, i. 56, note. His definition of conscience, 83.
His conception of the Deity, 164. His opinion of the popular beliefs, 165. Instance of his love of truth, 176, note. His desire for post humous reputation, 185, note. His declaration as to virtue con- cealing itself from the world, 185. His belief in the immortality of the soul, 204. His view of death, 205, 206. His complacency on the approach of death, 207. His con- ception of suicide, 213. His maintenance of the doctrine of universal brotherhood, 240. How he regarded the games of the arena, 285. His friendship with his freedman Tiro, 323. His re- marks on charity, ii. 79. His rules respecting almsgiving, 92 Circumcelliones, atrocities of the, ii. 41. Their custom of provoking martyrdom, 49
Civic virtues, predominance accorded to, in ancient ethics, i. 200 Civilisation, refining influence of, on taste, i. 79. Pleasures of a civi- lised and semi-civilised society compared, 86. Views of Mill and Buckle on the comparative influ- ence of intellectual and moral agencies in, 102, note. Effect of education in diminishing cruelty, and producing charity, 134. Moral enthusiasm appropriate to differ- ent stages of civilisation, 136. Increase of veracity with civilisa- tion, 137. Each stage of civilisa- tion specially appropriate to some virtue, 147
Clarke, on moral judgments, i. 77 Classical literature, preservation of, ii. 199. Manner in which it was regarded by the Church, 200-204 Claudius, his delight in gladiatorial shows, i. 280. His decree as to slaves, 307
Claver, Father, his remark on some
persons who had delivered a
criminal into the hands of justice, i. 41, note
Cleanthes, his suicide, i. 212 Clemency, Seneca's distinction be- tween it and pity, i. 189 Clement of Alexandria, on the two sources of all the wisdom of an- tiquity, i. 344. On the Sibylline books, 376. On wigs, ii. 149 Clemens, Flavius, put to death, i. 433
Cleombrotus, his suicide, i. 212, note Clergy, corruption of the, from the fourth century, ii. 150, 237. Sub- mission of the Eastern, but inde- pendence of the Western, clergy to the civil power, 264-268. His- tory of their celibacy, 328 Climate, effects of, in stimulating or allaying the passions, i. 144 Clotaire, his treatment of Queen Brunehaut, ii. 237
Clotilda, her conversion of her hus band, i. 410; ii. 180
Clovis, his conversion, i. 410; ii. 180. Gregory of Tours' account of his acts, 240, 241 Cock-fighting among the ancients and moderns, ii. 164, and note, 175, note
Cock-throwing, ii. 164, note, 175, note
Coemgenus, St., legend of, ii. 111, note
Coleridge, S. T., his remarks on the practice of virtue as a pleasure, i. 28, note. His admiration for Hartley, 28, note. On the bind- ing ground of the belief of God and a hereafter, i. 55, note Colman, St., his animal companions, ii. 170. His girdle, 319, note Colonies, Roman, the cosmopolitan spirit forwarded by the aggran disement of the, i. 233 Colosseum, the, i. 275. Games at the dedication of the, 280
Columbanus, St., his missionary la- bours, ii, 246
Comedy, Roman, short period during which it flourished, i. 277 Comet, a temple erected by the Ro- mans in honour of a, i. 367 Commodus, his treatment of the Christians, i. 443
Compassion, theory that it is the cause of our acts of barbarity, i. 71, 72
Concubines, Roman, ii. 350 Concupiscence, doctrine of the Fa- thers respecting, ii. 281 Condillac, cause of the attractive- ness of utilitarianism to, i. 71. Connection with Locke, i. 122, note
Confessors, power of the, in the early Church, i. 390, and note Congo, Helvétius, on a custom of the people of, i. 102, note Conquerors, causes of the admira- tion of, i. 94, 95
Conscience, association of ideas generating, i. 28. Recognised by the disciples of Hartley, 29. Defi- nitions of Hobbes, Locke, Ben- tham, and Bain, 29, note. The rewards and punishments of con- science, 60-62. Unique position of, in our nature, 83. As defined by Cicero, the Stoics, St. Paul, and Butler, 83
Consequences, remote, weakness of the utilitarian doctrine of, i. 42- 44
'Consolations,' literature of, leading topics of, i. 204 Constantine, the Emperor, his foun- dation of the empire of the East, ii. 12. His humane policy to- wards children, 29, 30. His sanc- tion of the gladiatorial shows, 35. His laws mitigating the severity of punishments, 42. His treat- ment of slaves, 64. His law
respecting Sunday, 244. Magni- ficence of his court at Constanti- nople, 265
Conventual system, effect of the sup- pression of the, on women, ii. 369 Cordeilla, or Cordelia, her suicide, ii. 53, note
Corinth, effect of the conquest of, on the decadence of Rome, i. 169 Cornelia, a vestal virgin, incident of her execution, ii. 318, note
Culagium, a tax levied on the clergy, ii. 330 Cumberland, Bishop, his unselfish view of virtue, i. 19, note
Cynics, account of the later, i. 309 Cyprian, St., his evasion of perse- cution by flight, i. 452. His exile and martyrdom, 455
Cyzicus deprived of its freedom, i.
ÆMONS, Apuleius' disquisition
Cornelius, the bishop, martyrdom of, Don the doctrine of, i. 323. The
i. 454 Cornutus, his disbelief in a future
Councils of the Church, character of the, ii. 197, note
Courtesans, Greek, ii. 287. Causes
of their elevation, 291-294. How regarded by the Romans, 300 Cousin, Victor, his criticism of the
Scotch moralists, i. 74, note. His objection against Locke, 75, note Crantor, originates the literature of 'Consolations,' i, 204
Cremutius Cordus, trial of, i. 448, note
Crime, value attached by the monks to pecuniary compensations for, ii. 213. Catalogue of crimes of the seventh century, 237-239 Criminals, causes of our indulgent judgment of, i. 135
Critical spirit, the, destroyed by Neoplatonism, i. 330 Cromaziano, his history of suicide, i. 216, note
Cruelty, origin and varieties of, i. 132, 134. Cruelty to animals, utilitarian doctrine concerning, 46, 47
Crusius, his adherence to the opinion of Ockham as to the foundation of the moral law, i. 17, note Cudworth, his analysis of moral judgments, i. 76
doctrine supersedes the Stoical naturalism, i. 331. The dæmons of the Greeks and Romans, 380. And of the Christians, 382 Dale, Van, his denial of the super- natural character of the oracles, i. 374
Dead, Roman worship of the, 1. 168 Death, calmness with which some
men of dull and animal natures can meet, i. 89. Frame of mind in which a man should approach death, according to Epictetus, 195. Preparation for death one of the chief ends of the philosophy of the ancients, 202. Bacon's objec- tion to the Stoics' view of, 202. The Irish legend of the islands of life and death, 203. The literature of 'Consolations,' 204. Death not regarded by the philo- sophers as penal, 205. Popular terrors of death, 205, 206. In- stances of tranquil pagan deaths, 207. Distinctions between the pagan and Christian conceptions of death, 208
Decius, persecution of the Christians under, i. 449, 450
Defoe, Daniel, his tract against beg- gars, ii. 98, and note
Delphi, oracle of, its description of the best religion, i. 167 Deogratias, his ransom of prisoners, ii. 72
Docetæ, their tenets, ii. 102 Dog-star, legend of the, ii. 162 Dolphin, legends of the, ii. 162, and note
Domestic laws, Roman, changes in, i. 297, 298
Domestic virtues, destruction of the, by the ascetics, ii. 125 Domitian, his law respecting suicide, i. 219. Anecdote of his cruelty, 289. His law as to slaves, 307. His persecution of the Stoics and Christians, 431, 432 Domitilla, banishment of, i. 433 Domnina, her suicide with her daugh- ters, ii. 46
Donatists, their intolerance, ii. 195 Dowry of women, rise of the, ii. 277 and note
Dreams, opinions of the Romans con- cerning, i. 366, 367, note Dumont, M., on vengeance quoted, i. 41, note
Duty, theory of morals must explain
what is, and the notion of there being such a thing as, i. 5. Paley on the difference between it and prudence, 15, 16, note. Distinc-
tion between natural duties and those resting on positive law, 93. Duty a distinct motive, 180 Dwarfs, combats of, in the arena, i. 281
ARTHQUAKES, how regarded by the ancients, i. 369. Cause of persecutions of the Christians, 408
Easter controversy, bitterness of the, ii. 198
Eclectic school of philosophy, rise of the, i. 242. Its influence on the Stoics, 245
Eclipses, opinions of the ancients concerning, i. 366 Education, importance ascribed to, by the theory of the association of ideas, i. 30. Contrast between that adopted by the Catholic priesthood and that of the Eng- lish public schools, 114. Its in- fluence on the benevolent feelings, 133, 134. Two distinct theories of, 187
Egypt, the cradle of monachism, ii. 105. The Mohammedan conquest of, 143. Triumphs of the Catholics in, 196 Egyptians, their reverence for the vulture, i. 108, note. Their kind- ness to animals, 289. Contrast of the spirit of their religion with that of the Greeks, 324. Difference between the Stoical and Egyptian pantheism, 325
Elephants, legends of, ii. 161 Emperors, Roman, apotheosis of, i. 170, 257
Endura, the Albigensian practice of, ii. 49
England, national virtues and vices
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