Romans for the benefit of children,
77
Chilon, his closing hours, i. 207
Cholera, theological notions respect-
ing the, i. 356
Christian and pagan virtues com-
pared, i. 190
Christianity; distinctions between
the pagan and Christian concep-
tions of death, i. 208. The im-
portance of Christianity
recognised by pagan writers, 336.
Causes of this, 338. Examination
of the theory which ascribes part
of the teaching of the later pagan
moralists to Christian influence,
340. Theory which attributes
the conversion of Rome to evi-
dences of miracles, 346. Opinion
of the pagans about the credulity
of the Christians, 347. Incapacity
of the Christians of the third cen-
tury for judging historic miracles,
375. And for judging prophecies,
376. Contemporary miracles rep-
resented as existing among them,
377. Christian miracles had pro-
bably little weight with the
pagans, 385. Progress of Chris-
tianity to what due, 386, 387.
Singular adaptation of it to the
wants of the time, 387. Heroism
it inspired, 390. Explanation of
the conversion of the Roman Em-
pire, 393. Account of the perse-
cutions of the Christians, 395.
Reasons why the Christians were
more persecuted than the Jews,
403, 406, 407. The first cause of
the persecution of the Christians,
406. Charges of immorality
brought against them, 414. Due
in a great measure to Jews and
heretics, 416, 417. The distur-
bance of domestic life caused by
female conversions, 418. Anti-
pathy of the Romans to every
system which employed religious
terrorism, 421. Christian intole-
rance of pagan worship, 423.
And of diversity of belief, 424-
427. History of the persecutions,
429. Nero's, 429. Domitian's,
431. Condition of the Christians
under the Antonines, 434. Be-
come profoundly obnoxious to the
people, 436. Marcus Aurelius,
439, 440. Introduction of Chris-
tianity into France, 442, and note.
Attitude of the rulers towards it
from M. Aurelius to Decius, 451,
et seq. Condition of the Church
on the eve of the Decian persecu-
tion, 448. Gallus, 454. Valerian,
454. Gallienus, 455. Erection
of churches in the Empire, 457.
Persecutions of Diocletian and
Galerius, 458. End of the perse-
cutions, 463. Massacre of Chris-
tians in Phrygia, 464. Moral
efficacy of the Christian sense of
sin, ii. 3. Dark views of human
nature not common in the early
Church, 5. The penitential sys-
tem, 6. Empire Christianity at-
tained in eliciting disinterested
enthusiasm, 8. Great purity of
the early Christians, 10, 11. The
promise of the Church for many
centuries falsified, 12. The first
consequence of Christianity a new
sense of the sanctity of human
life, 17. Influence in the protec-
tion of infant life, 20-32.
the suppression of gladiatorial
shows, 34. Its effect upon per-
secutions, 40, et seq. The penal
code not lightened by it, 42.
Condemnation of suicide, 43.
Second consequence of Christianity
Teaches universal brotherhood,
61. Slavery, 61-66. Ransom of
captives, 72. Charity, 73. Exer
tions of the Christians in the
cause of charity, 75, 79. Their
exertions when the Empire was
subverted, 81, 82, 88. Theologi-
cal notions concerning insanity,
85-90. Almsgiving, 90-92.
Beneficial effect of Christianity
in supplying pure images to the
imagination, 97. Summary of
the philanthropic achievements
of Christianity, 100. Ways in
which the ascetic mode of life
affected both the ideal type and
realised condition of morals, 122,
et seq. History of the relations
of Christianity to the civic virtues,
140. Improvements effected by
Christianity in the morals of the
people, 153. Attitude of Chris-
tianity to the barbarians, 178.
How it achieved their conver-
sion, 179-181. Tendency of the
barbarians to adulterate it, 181.
Legends of the conflict between
the old gods and the new faith,
181. Fierce hatred of rival
sects, and total destruction of
religious liberty, 194, 200. Poly-
theistic and idolatrous form of
Christianity in medieval times,
229. The doctrine of purgatory,
232. Benefits conferred by the
monasteries, 243-245. The ob-
servance of Sunday, 245. Influ-
ence of Christianity upon war,
254, 259. Upon the consecration
of secular rank, 260, et seq. Upon
the condition of women, 316, et
seq. Strong assertion of the
equality of obligation in marriage,
345, 346. Relation of Christianity
to the female virtues, 358, et
seq.
Chrysippus on the immortality of
the soul, i. 183
Chrysostom, St., his labours for
monachism, ii. 107. His treatment
of his mother, 132
Cicero on the evidence of a Divine
element within us, i. 56, note.
His definition of conscience, 83.
His conception of the Deity, 164.
His opinion of the popular beliefs,
165. Instance of his love of truth,
176, note. His desire for post
humous reputation, 185, note.
His declaration as to virtue con-
cealing itself from the world, 185.
His belief in the immortality of
the soul, 204. His view of death,
205, 206. His complacency on the
approach of death, 207. His con-
ception of suicide, 213. His
maintenance of the doctrine of
universal brotherhood, 240. How
he regarded the games of the
arena, 285. His friendship with
his freedman Tiro, 323. His re-
marks on charity, ii. 79. His
rules respecting almsgiving, 92
Circumcelliones, atrocities of the, ii.
41. Their custom of provoking
martyrdom, 49
Civic virtues, predominance accorded
to, in ancient ethics, i. 200
Civilisation, refining influence of, on
taste, i. 79. Pleasures of a civi-
lised and semi-civilised society
compared, 86. Views of Mill and
Buckle on the comparative influ-
ence of intellectual and moral
agencies in, 102, note. Effect of
education in diminishing cruelty,
and producing charity, 134. Moral
enthusiasm appropriate to differ-
ent stages of civilisation, 136.
Increase of veracity with civilisa-
tion, 137. Each stage of civilisa-
tion specially appropriate to some
virtue, 147
Clarke, on moral judgments, i. 77
Classical literature, preservation of,
ii. 199. Manner in which it was
regarded by the Church, 200-204
Claudius, his delight in gladiatorial
shows, i. 280. His decree as to
slaves, 307
Claver, Father, his remark on some
persons who had delivered a
criminal into the hands of justice,
i. 41, note
Cleanthes, his suicide, i. 212
Clemency, Seneca's distinction be-
tween it and pity, i. 189
Clement of Alexandria, on the two
sources of all the wisdom of an-
tiquity, i. 344. On the Sibylline
books, 376. On wigs, ii. 149
Clemens, Flavius, put to death, i.
433
Cleombrotus, his suicide, i. 212, note
Clergy, corruption of the, from the
fourth century, ii. 150, 237. Sub-
mission of the Eastern, but inde-
pendence of the Western, clergy
to the civil power, 264-268. His-
tory of their celibacy, 328
Climate, effects of, in stimulating or
allaying the passions, i. 144
Clotaire, his treatment of Queen
Brunehaut, ii. 237
Clotilda, her conversion of her hus
band, i. 410; ii. 180
Clovis, his conversion, i. 410; ii.
180. Gregory of Tours' account
of his acts, 240, 241
Cock-fighting among the ancients
and moderns, ii. 164, and note,
175, note
Cock-throwing, ii. 164, note, 175,
note
Coemgenus, St., legend of, ii. 111,
note
Coleridge, S. T., his remarks on the
practice of virtue as a pleasure, i.
28, note. His admiration for
Hartley, 28, note. On the bind-
ing ground of the belief of God
and a hereafter, i. 55, note
Colman, St., his animal companions,
ii. 170. His girdle, 319, note
Colonies, Roman, the cosmopolitan
spirit forwarded by the aggran
disement of the, i. 233
Colosseum, the, i. 275. Games at
the dedication of the, 280
Columbanus, St., his missionary la-
bours, ii, 246
Comedy, Roman, short period during
which it flourished, i. 277
Comet, a temple erected by the Ro-
mans in honour of a, i. 367
Commodus, his treatment of the
Christians, i. 443
Compassion, theory that it is the
cause of our acts of barbarity, i.
71, 72
Concubines, Roman, ii. 350
Concupiscence, doctrine of the Fa-
thers respecting, ii. 281
Condillac, cause of the attractive-
ness of utilitarianism to, i. 71.
Connection with Locke, i. 122,
note
Confessors, power of the, in the
early Church, i. 390, and note
Congo, Helvétius, on a custom of the
people of, i. 102, note
Conquerors, causes of the admira-
tion of, i. 94, 95
Conscience, association of ideas
generating, i. 28. Recognised by
the disciples of Hartley, 29. Defi-
nitions of Hobbes, Locke, Ben-
tham, and Bain, 29, note. The
rewards and punishments of con-
science, 60-62. Unique position
of, in our nature, 83. As defined
by Cicero, the Stoics, St. Paul,
and Butler, 83
Consequences, remote, weakness of
the utilitarian doctrine of, i. 42-
44
'Consolations,' literature of, leading
topics of, i. 204
Constantine, the Emperor, his foun-
dation of the empire of the East,
ii. 12. His humane policy to-
wards children, 29, 30. His sanc-
tion of the gladiatorial shows, 35.
His laws mitigating the severity
of punishments, 42. His treat-
ment of slaves, 64. His law
respecting Sunday, 244. Magni-
ficence of his court at Constanti-
nople, 265
Conventual system, effect of the sup-
pression of the, on women, ii. 369
Cordeilla, or Cordelia, her suicide,
ii. 53, note
Corinth, effect of the conquest of, on
the decadence of Rome, i. 169
Cornelia, a vestal virgin, incident of
her execution, ii. 318, note
Culagium, a tax levied on the clergy,
ii. 330
Cumberland, Bishop, his unselfish
view of virtue, i. 19, note
Cynics, account of the later, i. 309
Cyprian, St., his evasion of perse-
cution by flight, i. 452. His exile
and martyrdom, 455
Cyzicus deprived of its freedom, i.
ÆMONS, Apuleius' disquisition
Cornelius, the bishop, martyrdom of, Don the doctrine of, i. 323. The
i. 454
Cornutus, his disbelief in a future
Councils of the Church, character of
the, ii. 197, note
Courtesans, Greek, ii. 287. Causes
of their elevation, 291-294. How
regarded by the Romans, 300
Cousin, Victor, his criticism of the
Scotch moralists, i. 74, note. His
objection against Locke, 75, note
Crantor, originates the literature of
'Consolations,' i, 204
Cremutius Cordus, trial of, i. 448,
note
Crime, value attached by the monks
to pecuniary compensations for,
ii. 213. Catalogue of crimes of
the seventh century, 237-239
Criminals, causes of our indulgent
judgment of, i. 135
Critical spirit, the, destroyed by
Neoplatonism, i. 330
Cromaziano, his history of suicide,
i. 216, note
Cruelty, origin and varieties of, i.
132, 134. Cruelty to animals,
utilitarian doctrine concerning,
46, 47
Crusius, his adherence to the opinion
of Ockham as to the foundation
of the moral law, i. 17, note
Cudworth, his analysis of moral
judgments, i. 76
doctrine supersedes the Stoical
naturalism, i. 331. The dæmons
of the Greeks and Romans, 380.
And of the Christians, 382
Dale, Van, his denial of the super-
natural character of the oracles, i.
374
Dead, Roman worship of the, 1. 168
Death, calmness with which some
men of dull and animal natures
can meet, i. 89. Frame of mind
in which a man should approach
death, according to Epictetus, 195.
Preparation for death one of the
chief ends of the philosophy of
the ancients, 202. Bacon's objec-
tion to the Stoics' view of, 202.
The Irish legend of the islands
of life and death, 203. The
literature of 'Consolations,' 204.
Death not regarded by the philo-
sophers as penal, 205. Popular
terrors of death, 205, 206. In-
stances of tranquil pagan deaths,
207. Distinctions between the
pagan and Christian conceptions
of death, 208
Decius, persecution of the Christians
under, i. 449, 450
Defoe, Daniel, his tract against beg-
gars, ii. 98, and note
Delphi, oracle of, its description of
the best religion, i. 167
Deogratias, his ransom of prisoners,
ii. 72
Docetæ, their tenets, ii. 102
Dog-star, legend of the, ii. 162
Dolphin, legends of the, ii. 162, and
note
Domestic laws, Roman, changes in,
i. 297, 298
Domestic virtues, destruction of the,
by the ascetics, ii. 125
Domitian, his law respecting suicide,
i. 219. Anecdote of his cruelty,
289. His law as to slaves, 307.
His persecution of the Stoics and
Christians, 431, 432
Domitilla, banishment of, i. 433
Domnina, her suicide with her daugh-
ters, ii. 46
Donatists, their intolerance, ii. 195
Dowry of women, rise of the, ii. 277
and note
Dreams, opinions of the Romans con-
cerning, i. 366, 367, note
Dumont, M., on vengeance quoted, i.
41, note
Duty, theory of morals must explain
what is, and the notion of there
being such a thing as, i. 5. Paley
on the difference between it and
prudence, 15, 16, note. Distinc-
tion between natural duties and
those resting on positive law,
93. Duty a distinct motive, 180
Dwarfs, combats of, in the arena, i.
281
ARTHQUAKES, how regarded
by the ancients, i. 369. Cause
of persecutions of the Christians,
408
Easter controversy, bitterness of the,
ii. 198
Eclectic school of philosophy, rise of
the, i. 242. Its influence on the
Stoics, 245
Eclipses, opinions of the ancients
concerning, i. 366
Education, importance ascribed to,
by the theory of the association
of ideas, i. 30. Contrast between
that adopted by the Catholic
priesthood and that of the Eng-
lish public schools, 114. Its in-
fluence on the benevolent feelings,
133, 134. Two distinct theories
of, 187
Egypt, the cradle of monachism, ii.
105. The Mohammedan conquest
of, 143. Triumphs of the Catholics
in, 196
Egyptians, their reverence for the
vulture, i. 108, note. Their kind-
ness to animals, 289. Contrast of
the spirit of their religion with
that of the Greeks, 324. Difference
between the Stoical and Egyptian
pantheism, 325
Elephants, legends of, ii. 161
Emperors, Roman, apotheosis of,
i. 170, 257
Endura, the Albigensian practice of,
ii. 49
England, national virtues and vices
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