Sentencing Reform in Overcrowded Times: A Comparative PerspectiveMichael H. Tonry, Kathleen Hatlestad Sentencing and corrections issues are much the same in every Western nation. Increasingly, countries are importing policies and practices that have succeeded elsewhere. In that spirit, this volume brings together articles on sentencing reform in the United States, other English-speaking countries, and Western Europe, all written by leading national and international authorities on sentencing and punishment policy, practices, and institutions. Timely and readable, many of these essays provide brief yet detailed sentencing policy histories for countries and states. Others offer concise overviews of research on racial disparities, public opinion, and evaluation of the effects of new policies. Together, they illustrate the radical, precipitate, and hyperpoliticized nature of American sentencing reform in the last twenty-five years. Sentencing Reform in Overcrowded Times: A Comparative Perspective fills a major gap in the academic and policy literatures on this subject, and will be essential reading for students, scholars, and practitioners. |
Contents
Sentencing Reform | 3 |
Sentencing Reform in the United States | 11 |
Sentencing Reform outside the United States | 122 |
Race and Sentencing | 217 |
Public Opinion and Sentencing | 249 |
| 277 | |
Acknowledgments | 286 |
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adopted alternative sentences arrests average bill changes cocaine commission's community service convicted correctional resources Council of Europe countries courts crack cocaine criminal history criminal justice system custodial sentences day fines day-fine develop discretion drug crimes drug offenses effect enacted federal felony Figure fines Hispanics impact imprisonment incarceration rate increased indeterminate sentencing inmates intermediate punishments intermediate sanctions jail judges juvenile justice legislation legislature major mandatory sentencing ment Minnesota months nonviolent nonviolent offenders North Carolina offender's Office Oregon Oregonians parole board parole release penal penalties percent presumptive sentences prison admissions prison capacity prison overcrowding prison population prison sentences prison terms probation programs proposed prosecutors range rape reduce rehabilitation result robbery sentence lengths sentences imposed Sentencing Act sentencing commission sentencing guidelines sentencing laws sentencing policy sentencing practices Sentencing Reform serious served statutory supervision tencing theft tion truth in sentencing violent crimes violent offenders war on drugs Washington whites