ered together to make war against him, that sat on the horse, and against his army.* Whether the number of these horns will be precisely ten; or whether a certain number is put for an uncertain, time will decide. But as the number of the seven heads is definite, I appre hend the number of the ten horns is likewise definite; that ten will be the precise number of the vassal kingdoms of the Antichristian empire.† Their servility, as well as the shortness of their existence, is hinted. Which have received no kingdom as yet; but have received power as kings, one hour with the beast. The word in the original, made in our translation to import not yet, I think is designed to express only an emphatical negative. It is not oux ET; but our prefixed to the verb ɛλov, from ov not, and zw by *Rev. xix, 19. See also Rev. xvi, 13; and sec. 2, chap. iii, of this Dissertation, relative to Gog and his bands. "The following arrangement of titles and of dislocations and creations of kings is reported in letters from Germany to have been determined on between the Emperors of France and Austria. Napoleon I, Emperor of France, &c. King of the Romans. Francis 11, Emperor of Austria and Franconia, and co-protector of the confederation of the Rhine. The Archduke Charles King of Spain, and of the Indies. Ferdinand IV to be restored to the throne of the two Sicilies. Eugene to be King of Macedonia. Louis Napoleon to be King of Bavaria. The hereditary prince of Bavaria to be King of Holland and Berg. Jerome Napoleon to be King of Wirtemberg. The King of Wirtemberg to be King of Westphalia. Gazette of July 3, 1810. Here are several more than ten proposed vassal kingdoms. But it is hardly probable Macedonia will be to be reckoned among the horns of the Antichristian beast. And it is not probable the duchy of Wirtemberg will be to be reckoned a distinct horn of this beast. Exclusive of these, ten are above enumerated. But several of these may be consolidated into one; and some other kingdoms be added. The formation of these horns is not yet finished. When it shall be found complete, it is probable their number, including France, will be found to be ten. any means. Which have not by any means received a kingdom. They have not the independence of a kingdom. But they have received power as kings, or kingdoms, one hour with the beast. Each has only the resemblance of a kingdom; or the name, without the thing; and this but for a short space, like an hour, under his Imperial master. into Their object is noted. These shall make war with the Lamb. The final event is given. And the Lamb shall overcome them. The unanimity of these horns, and the government of God in it for judgment, are strongly expressed. These have one mind, and shall give their power and strength unto the beast. For God hath put in their hearts to fulfil his will, and to agree and give their kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God shall be fulfilled; as in the forecited passage Dan. xi, 36; and shall prosper, till the indignation be accomplished; for that, which is determined, shall be done. And the final destruction of the Romish hierarchy, by these horns, is predicted. These shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate, and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire. And thus the Papal power, which has led into captivity, now goes captivity. He, that has killed with the sword, is now killed with the sword. Here is the patience and faith of the saints, either that righteous vindication, for which the martyrs have been represented as patiently waiting and expecting, or new trials to the saints under Antichristian tyranny. The Papal harlot appears, in the beginning of the chapter, dressed out, and presented for execution; as has been noted. The beast is, under the direction of Divine providence, bearing her to her judgment, or execution. I will show thee the judgment of the whore. And now the event takes place, under the agency of the ten horns of the beast, as her executioners. Whether this execution of the Papal harlot will be finished in the mutinies, and bloody havoc, which are to take place among the combined powers, under the Antichristian beast, gathered at Armageddon in Palestinę against the Jews;* or in some preceding events, time *See Sec. ii and iii, chap. iii. 1 will determine. To me the former appears probable. For the false prophet is represented as present, in union with the Antichristian beast, and going into per dition with him, at the battle of that great day.* By the false prophet here, must be understood Popery, after it ceases to be a beast, its throne being subverted, and its kingdom being filled with darkness, upon the rise of the Antichristian beast. This is evidenced from Dan. vii, 11, where it is the Papal horn, that is in company with the Roman beast, at the time of his destruction. I beheld then because of the voice of the great words which the horn spake; I beheld, even till the beast was slain, and his body destroyed, and given to the burning flame. Here are the two noted powers, which unitedly go into perdition; the Antichristian beast, and the Papal horn. And in the Rev. these two powers are repeatedly spoken of in this connexion, the beast and the false prophet. The false prophet then, must mean the same with the horn in Dan. vii, 11, or Popery. This scheme we might naturally expect would, after it ceased to be the beast, be denominated the false prophet. It is a scheme of false religion, in the most noted and mischievous connexion with the Antichristian beast, when they shall be destroyed. No other power or scheme has been known by this appellation. It must mean either Popery or Mohammedism. And the noted connexion of the former with the beast, being his nominal form of godliness, in my opinion, decides, that Popery, after it ceased, upon the rise of Antichrist, to be a beast, receives the appellation of the false prophet. And the destruction of the vast confederacy, at the battle of the great day, is represented as being partly, if not chiefly, effected by the swords of each other. The great city, probably meaning the empire of the Antichristian beast, is then said to be divided into three parts. (Rev. xvi, 19.) The Papal part of the coalition, or the false prophet, may be one of these three parts, *See Rev. xix, 20. rising in mutiny against the beast their master; and falling first by the swords of his vassal kings: And thus the execution of the mother of harlots be completely fulfilled. An incipient fulfilment it may probably receive in events, which were to precede the battle of that great day; as may appear in the next section. I shall close this section with some remarks concerning the ancient horns of the Roman beast. Expositors have, I believe, generally agreed, that the ancient ten horns of the Roman beast symbolized ten kingdoms, into which the Roman empire was divided, when the western branch of it was overrun by the northern barbarians, in the fifth and sixth centuries. Sir Isaac Newton, Bp. Newton, Machiavel, and others, have undertaken to find these ten horns. But their catalogues have differed: And they have found it no easy task to present one, which has even plausibility on its side. For those petty barbarian kingdoms were fluctuating and changing, like the waves of the sea. It has never been pretended that the number ten, could be found but for a short time among them; and indeed several successive kingdoms on the same ground have been reckoned to make out the ten. Is it not possible, that the venerable expositors have been under a mistake upon this point? And that the ten ancient horns of the Roman beast were designed to represent the different kingdoms or countries existing under the old Roman empire, in its most flourishing state? That'empire, in the zenith of its power, had indeed its many, if not precisely ten horns, or governments, united under its Imperial dynasty. We may probably count the number ten of the vassal kingdoms, under the sixth head of ancient Rome. Italy, Greece, Macedon, Syria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Carthage, Spain, Gaul, and Britain, were at once under the dominion of Cæsar. Should it be said that Greece and Macedon may be reckoned as one kingdom, we may reckon Pontus, bordering on mount Caucasus, early subjugated by the Roman arms, a distinct kingdom from Syria. Or if this reckoning be deemed incorrect, I do not much doubt, but that by further reflection and ex amination into Roman history, we may be able to find precisely ten in the nations which were under, and which constituted the strength of, the ancient Roman empire. I ask then, why were not these vassal powers to be reckoned the ten horns of the ancient sixth and Imperial head of the Roman beast? That they were to be thus accounted, I apprehend is a truth, for the following reasons: 1. A horn is an emblem of power. The seven horns of the Lamb, are emblems of his perfect power. And the ten horns of the Roman beast appear to be most proper emblems of ten collateral kingdoms, which constitute his power. His power did indeed consist in such a number of kingdoms at once under his command. But, 2. To say that the ten horns of the Roman beast were the ten parts, into which the empire was divided, in the fifth and sixth centuries, after it was subverted by terrible Divine judgments, and by legions of victorious barbarian invaders, seems to give a most lively representation of the weakness instead of the power of the Roman beast. To represent the scattered fragments of a once powerful empire, by so many horns of that empire, one would be apt to construe as ironical! The notable horn, between the eyes of the Macedonian hegoat was an emblem of his then present power in Alexander. And though four horns, which arise after this is broken, symbolize the division of Alexander's empire to his four generals, yet full notice is given that they were to be subsequent, and inferior to the first notable horn. But we could hardly construe the one notable horn, even had we not been informed it was the first king, as being some king to arise a number of centuries after the period of the greatest strength of the he-goat, and even after he was destroyed. When the prophet informs us of the Most High having horns coming out of his hands, and there was the hiding of his power, we naturally construe this as a symbol of the present Divine omnipotence, as well as of some certain act of judgment against his enemies. And when we read, Dan. vii, 7, of the fourth beast, dreadful and |