the savage foe were frequent, and their massacres heart-rending. Whole congregations, after fixing their abode in the Cumberland Valley, were driven off by the Indians, and obliged to seek another home. Mr. Sankey's congregation, who settled with him in Prince Edward county, Va., were obliged to fly from their homes. near to Harrisburg or Carlisle, by the frequent incursions of the savages. And Mr. Craighead's congregation on the Cowpasture river, in Virginia, were under the necessity of removing to North Carolina.

But when the French war was ended, and peace made with the Indians, or the more hostile tribes driven beyond the Ohio, the tide of emigration turned westward, and the counties in the west of Pennsylvania were rapidly filled up with a Scotch Irish population; and in this region there is now, probably, a more dense and unmixed population of this race, than anywhere else in the United States; unless the counties of Rockingham, Augusta, Rockbridge and Bottetourt, &c., in the Great Valley of Virginia, be an exception. But a large portion of the first settlers in Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Ohio, were of Scotch Irish descent. In short, with a few exceptions, whereever you find Presbyterians, there you find the descendants of the Scotch Irish.

It has often occurred to us, that it would be a desirable thing, to have prepared, an accurate account of the people of the different nations, who have contributed to the population of these United States; and the peculiar traits of character which belong to each

race.

Unless this work be undertaken soon, the materials for it will be out of reach: and we cannot think of any person who would be likely to perform such a work more satisfactorily, than the author of these sketches. And we are of opinion, that it would be found very interesting in the execution. We want a better account, than has yet been given, of the origin and character of our German population, which, next to the English, is the most numerous; and the prospect, from the abundant emigration of late years is, that the descendants of the Germans will equal those of any other nation in these United States.

The Dutch or Hollanders, are also a very interesting people, and form a compact body along both sides of the Hudson; but the Dutch have not been actuated, like the Irish, with a migratory spirit ;

they remain, for the most part, on the soil first occupied on their arrival in this country.

In such a view of the origin of the American people, no class would deserve a more particular attention than the Huegonots and their descendants. They are more numerous, than at first view would be supposed. Driven from their homes in France by a cruel persecution, solely on account of their firm adherence to the Protestant religion, they found an asylum in several of the states of this Union; in South Carolina, Virginia, and New York, they were numerous, and the names of some of our most honored families, indicate a descent from this race. Many years since, we heard a sensible man observe, that a special providence seemed to attend this persecuted race; and he enumerated a great many men of distinction, several of whom had risen to high stations in the government, who were descendants of the Huegonots, and as far as is known, they have been uniformly the friends and supporters of the Christian religion, and of civil liberty.

Personal Declensions and Revivals of Religion in the Soul. By the Rev. Octavius Winslow, author of the Experimental and Practical view of the work of the Holy Spirit, and the Atonement, &c. Robert Carter, 58 Canal street, New York, and 56 Market street, Pittsburg.

We have not, in the multitude of books which issue from the press, many works on experimental and practical religion. All the publications of Mr. Winslow seem to be of this description; and are written with judgment and feeling. They will be relished by the experienced Christian; and the little volume, now noticed, can scarcely be read by any professor without benefit. In this age of declining spirituality, it is a very seasonable work; and the Christian public are much indebted to Mr. Carter for giving wide circulation to this and other sound treatises, calculated to be eminently useful to the churches in this land.

Thomae Bradwardini, Archiepiscopi Cantuariensis, De Causa Dei, Contra Pelagium et De Virtute Causarum, Tres Libri. BRADWARDINE lived in the early part of the fourteenth century. He was educated at Merton College, Oxford, and was

justly esteemed one of the most learned men of the age; for he was not only a great theologian, but was distinguished for his mathematical and philosophical science. This book, when published, was received with universal applause; and while Thomas Aquinas obtained the title of the angelic doctor, and Scotus, that of the subtle doctor, Bradwardine was honoured by the pope, with that of the profound doctor; which he well deserved, for he has discussed the abstruse subjects of Predestination, Free-will, the nature and necessity of grace, and the operation of second causes, with profound wisdom, and clear discrimination. The reading of this Augustinian work against Pelagius, would change the opinion of many respecting the state of learning in the fourteenth century.

De Veritate Christianae Religionis Liber, Adversus Atheos, Epicureos, Ethnicos, Judæos, Mahumedistas, et Caeteros Infideles, a Philippo Morneo, Plessiei Domino, Nobili Gallo, Gallicè primum Conscriptus, nunc autem ab eodem. Latine Versus. Antwerp, Ex officina Christopheri Plantini. A. D. 1583.

MORNAY DUPLESSIS, was a Frenchman, and by the acknowledgment of all, one of the ablest defenders, and greatest ornaments of the Reformation. He was born in 1549, was descended from an ancient and noble family. His father died when he was a child, and his mother having openly embraced the reformed religion, had her son carefully educated in the principles of the same. He was also furnished with the best teachers in every department of literature and science; and as his genius was extraordinary, his proficiency was uncommon. At first he made choice of the military profession, but having received a serious bodily injury, he relinquished the pursuit of arms. And France being exceedingly disturbed by civil wars, he retired, first into Switzerland, then went into Italy, and spent some time at Rome, where he was in much peril, on account of his religion. For some time he sojourned at Frankfort, but made excursions to all the principal cities of northern Europe. In 1572 he passed over into England, and was well received by Elizabeth and her court. In 1579, Mornay married and settled himself in his native country. Henry, Prince of Navarre, invited him to his court, and paid great attention to his advice. He also employed

him to go to England, to solicit the aid of queen Elizabeth to the Protestant cause. He was also sent as the ambassador of the Prince to the diet of Augsburg, in 1579. And when Henry, for political reasons, was inclined to become a Roman Catholic, Mornay steadily opposed the measure; and when the prince actually went over to the cause which he had so zealously fought against, this distinguished man withdrew from his court. Though so much occupied with public business, much of his time was spent in severe study. This great work, "DE VERITATE," he published about 1580; and it was the first work in defence of Christianity, written after the reformation; and in learning it is surpassed by none which succeeded it.

Hieronymi Epistotæ. THE copy of this work, which has recently been added to the library of the Theological Seminary at this place, is a curiosity on account of its age and its perfect state of preservation. For, although it has no title page, the date of the impression is given at the close of the book; and the year is 1480, just three years before Luther was born. It is a large folio, the paper very thick and strong, and what is very remarkable, although the book is now 367 years old, the paper retains its white colour without stains, and is not in the least worm-eaten. The present binding is very strong, but evidently not the original covering of the book. Judging from the past, we see no reason why this volume may not last a thousand years to come, if taken good care of. The type is large, and very distinct and regular, with the usual abbreviations of that period.

An Address, delivered on the evening of the twenty-second of February, 1847, before the Young Men's Association of the city of Albany. By William B. Sprague, D.D. Published by request of the Executive Committee. Albany: Printed by Joel Munsel. 1847.

THIS address, like the other writings of its author, is written in an easy, perspicuous, and flowing style. Its object is to hold up WASHINGTON as an object of study and contemplation to young men of the present generation. The traits of character of this great man, selected for consideration, are such as are prominently exhibited in his "Farewell Address," and are happily calculated to make a salutary impression on the audience to whom they were addressed.

The Explanatory Bible Atlas and Scripture Gazetteer, Geographical, Topographical, and Historical, containing maps of all the Countries and places mentioned in the Old and New Testament, drawn from the latest authorities, and engraved expressly for the Work, with Illustrative Essays for each map, and accurate local descriptions in the Gazetteer; a coloured Missionary Map of the World; a Dictionary of the Natural History of the Bible, with Engravings, Tables of Time, Weights, Measures, Tabular Views, &c. By the Rev. William Jenks, D.D., Editor of the Comprehensive Bible, and Vice President of the American Oriental Society. Boston: Published by Charles Hickling. 1847.

THIS work, from the pen of the laborious and learned Dr. Jenks, of Boston, supplies an important desideratum in Biblical literature. It will be found to afford great facilities to the theological student, and to the expositor of the sacred scriptures. Matters, which the student of the Bible had to search for in many volumes, are here presented in a condensed form, in a volume of moderate size. We think, therefore, that it will find its place on the table of all those who aim at an accurate acquaintance with the various contents of the holy scriptures.

The Revival in School; a sequel to "the Great Secret Discovered" by Joseph Alden, D.D., author of "the Light Hearted Girl," "the Burial of the First Born," "Elizabeth Benton," "Example of Washington," &c. New York: M. W. Dodd, Publisher, Brick Church Chapel, opposite the City Hall. 1847. THE great excellence of this book consists in its happy mode of imparting to young persons, correct views of important theological truths. Without some knowledge of these, there can be no religion. Parents and teachers should remember this, and carefully select and place before the children committed to their care, such aids as would enable them when under the Spirit's influence, to look to "the Door" at the entrance of the narrow way. The little volume before us, is admirably adapted to this end; and though unpretending, is evidently the offspring of a highly gifted and discriminating mind. We should be glad to see a second sequel delineating in the same pleasing style, the ingathering and subsequent deportment of the converts.