Cp. O.E. forms, buve, buven, aboon, above. Abrayde, Abreyde, started (sud denly), awoke : c 188. A. S. brægdan, to move, turn, weave; O. N. bragða, to draw out a sword, to pull down, to awake, to leap. The O. E. braide has all these meanings, and signifies also to cry out suddenly, to scold; whence Eng. braid, upbraid. The A. S. brægd, bregd, O. N. bragð, signifies a sudden start, blow, deceit ; hence the O. E. phrase 'at a braid,' = in a trice. The Icel. brag is also applied to the features, to the gestures, by which an individual is characterized; hence Prov, Eng. braid, to resemble, pretend; Eng. braid, appearance (Bailey). Shakespeare uses braid of deceitful manner. Abregge, to shorten, abridge: B 2141. Fr. a-breger; Lat. abbreviare. Cp. allay, O. E. allege, from Fr. alléger (from Lat. levis); O. E. agregge, agredge, to aggravate, from Fr. aggréger (from Lat. gravis). Accomplice, to accomplish: в 2006. Accordant, Acordaunt, according to, agreeing, suitable: A 37. Accorde, Acorde, agreement, decision: A 838, c 59. Accorde, Acorde, to agree, suit, decide: A 244, 830. Fr. accorder, to agree (from Lat. cor, the heart). Achate, purchase: A 571. O. Fr. achepter, to buy; Fr. acheter, It. accattare, to acquire, get; Lat. acceptare. Cp. O. E. acates, cates, victuals, provision, delicacies; catery, store-room; Eng. cater. Fr. achat, purchase. Achatour, purchaser, caterer: A 568. See Achate. Acorded, agreed: B 356. Acqueyntaunce, Aqueyntaunce, acquaintance: A 245. Ademauntz, adamant: B 1132. Gr. ἀ-δάμας (α privative, δαμάω, to tame, subdue), the hardest metal, probably steel (also the diamond); whence Eng. adamantine. In adamantine chains and penal fire.' (Milton, Par. Lost, i. 48.) Adamant is sometimes (but incorrectly) applied to the magnet or loadstone. Cp. Well she's a most attractive adamant.' (T. Heywood, ed. Collier, p. 8.) Adoun, Adown, down, downwards, below: A 393,B 245. A.S. of-dune, a-dun (cp. O. Fr. à val, to the valley, downwards), from the hill, downwards; from dun, a hill, down. Adrad, in great dread, afraid : A 605. Cp. O. E. of-drad, much afraid; where the prefix of is intensitive, like for-, Lat. per-. Aferd, Afered, Afferd, in great fear, afraid: A 628, в 660. Cp. O. E. ferd, ferdnesse, fear. Offered, much afraid. See Adrad. Affeccioun, affection, hope: B 300. Affermed, confirmed: B 1491. Affrayed, terrified, scared: c 457. Fr. effrayer, scare, appal; effroi, terror whence fray and affray. Affyle, to file, polish: A 712. Fr. affiler, It. affilare, to sharpen: Fr. fil, edge; Lat. filum, a thread. Afright, in fright, afraid: c 75. A.S. forbt, Ger. Furcht, fear; Goth. faurbts, timid. Again, Agayn, Ageyn, again, against, towards: A 66, 801; B 929. A. S. on-gean, on-gen, a-gen, opposite, towards, against; gean, opposite, against; O. Sw. gen, opposite; Ger. gegen, against. Agast, terrified, aghast: B 1483. Cp. O.E. gastlic, ghastly, gastnes, fear; A. S. gæstan, Goth. us-gaisjan, terrify; us-geisnan, to be amazed; Dan. gys, terror. Agaste, to be terrified: B 1566. Ago, Agon, Agoo, Agoon, gone, past, B 418, 924; the past participle of O. E. verb agon, to go, pass away. A. S. agan, agangan. We also meet with ygo in the same sense, and some etymologists have erroneously supposed that the prefix a- is a corruption of y-. Agrief, in grief: c 73. 'To take agrief' = to take it amiss, feel aggrieved, be displeased. Al, all, whole (cp. al a = a whole, B 58); quite, wholly (cp. al redy, al armed, &c.); although (cp. al speke be, al bave I, al be it): A 71, 76, 584, 734. Alauntz (or Alauns), a species of dog: B 1290. They were used for hunting the boar. Sp. alano. Tyrwhitt says they were much esteemed in Italy in the fourteenth century. Gualv. de la Flamma (ap. Murator. Antiq. Med. Æ. t. ii. p. 394) commends the governors of Milan 'quod equos emissarios equabus magnis commiscuerunt, et procreati sunt in nostro territorio DESTRARII nobiles, qui in magno pretio habentur. Item CANES ALANOS altae staturae et mirabilis fortitudinis nutrire studuerunt,' Al be, although: A 297. Alder, Alther, Aller, of all (gen. pl. of al). The older forms are alra, alre, aller; oure alther, of us all, A 823; here aller, of them all, A 586; youre alther, of you all, A 799; altherbest, best of all, A 710, &c. The insertion of d serves merely to strengthen the word, as in lend, spend (older forms lene, spene). Ale-stake, a stake set up before an ale-house by way of sign, a 667; 'le moy d'une taverne' (Palsgrave). It appears that a bush was often placed at the end of the ale-stake. Algate, always: A 571. O. E. algates, swagate, thus; North Prov. Eng. gate, way; Eng. gait; Icel. allier, to ally; Lat. ligare, to tie; alligare, to write. Als, Also, as: A 730. A.S. alswa; O. E. al-se, ase. These forms shew that as is a contraction from al-so. Cp. Ger. also, als; O. Fris, alsa, alse, æsa, ase. Alther. See Alder, Amblere, a nag: A 469. Amonges, amongst: A 759. Amorwe, on the morrow: A 822. Amounte, to amount, signify, denote: B 1504. Amyddes, amidst, in the middle: B 1151. And an, if: B 356. Anhange, Anhonge, to hang up, C 242; pp. anbanged, anhonged. The prefix an = on, up. Anlas (or Anelace), a kind of knife or dagger, usually worn at the girdle: A 357. Anon, Anoon, in one (instant), anon: A 32. O. E. an an, or on an. Anoynt, Enoynt, anointed: A 199. Apayd, Apayed, pleased, satisfied: B IOIO. Fr. payer, to satisfy, pay (Lat. pacare); whence O. E. pay, satisfaction, gratification, pleasure; Eng. pay. Ape, metaphorically, a fool: A 706. Apiked, trimmed: A 365. See Pike. Apotecarie, apothecary: A 425. Appalled, become weak, feeble, dead, B 2195; not, as Tyrwhitt thinks, made pale. Chaucer speaks of an old appalled wight,' i. e. a man enfeebled through old age. It is connected with pall Welsh pallu, to fail; pall, loss of energy, failure. Apparaillyng, preparation: B 2055. Fr. appareiller, to fit, suit; pareil, like; Lat. par, equal, like. The original meaning of appareiller is to join like to like. Appetyt, desire, appetite: в 822. Arest, a support for the spear when couched for the attack: B 1744. It is sometimes written rest. 'And there was a squyer called Albert of Colayne, he turned and couched the spere in the rest, and came rennyng agaynst the lorde of Poytrell.' (Berner's Froissart, i. 68.) Areste, to stop (a horse): A 827. Aretted, ascribed, imputed, deemed: B 1871. According to Cowell a person is aretted that is covenanted before a judge, and charged with a crime.' O. E. rette, to impute; O. N. retta, to set right, from rettr, right. The A. S. aretan, signifies to correct, set right. Arive, arrival, or perhaps disem barkation (of troops): A 60. Fr. arriver, to arrive, from Lat. ad ripare, to come to shore (ripa, shore). Arm-gret, as thick as a man's arm: B 1287. Armypotent, mighty in arms: B 1124. Array, state, situation, dress, equipage: A 41, B 76. out. Arraye, to set in order, dress, adorn, equip: B 1188. It. arredare, to prepare, get ready; O. Fr. arroyer, arréer, dispose, fit The root is to be found in the Teutonic dialects. Cp. Sw. reda, to prepare; reda, order; A. S. ræd; Ger. bereit, ready; Dan. rede, plain, straight, clear. Arreest, seizure, custody: B 452, c 80. Arrerage, arrears: A 602. Arresten, to stop, seize. Fr. arrester (from Lat. restare, to stand still), to bring one to stand, to seize his person. Arsmetrike, arithmetic: B 1040. Arwe, arrow: A 104. A. S. arewe; Icel. ör (gen. aurva). As, as if: A 636, c 569. Aschen, Asschen, ashes: B 444. Aseged, besieged: в 23. Fr. siège; It. sedia, seggia, a seat or sitting; assedio Lat. obsidium, the sitting down before a town in a hostile way. = Aslake, to moderate, appease: B 902. O. N. slak, loose; Norse slekkja, to make slack, to slake, quench; slokna, to go out, faint; O. E. sloke. With this root we must connect A. S. slacian, relax, slack; sleac, slack; also slacklime, slag of a furnace. As-nouthe, As now, at present: B 1406. Cp. O. E. as-swide, immediately; as-now, als-tite, at once. noude A. S. nu (now) and a (then). See Nouthe. Asonder, asunder: A 491. Assaut, assault: B 131. Fr. as saillir, to assail; saillir, to leap, sally; Lat. salire, to leap, spring. Assayed, tried: B953. Fr. essayer, to try, essay. Assise, assize: A 314. Fr. assire, to set (Lat. assidere); assis, set, seated; assise, a settled tax; cour d'assize, a court held on a set day. Cp. It. assisa, a settled pattern of dress; Eng. size. Assoillyng, absolution, acquittal: A 661. O. Fr. assoiller, Lat. absolvere, to loose from. Assuren, to make sure, confirm: B 1066. Astat, Astaat, estate, rank. See Estat. Asterte, to escape, B. 737 p. p. B 734. See Sterte. Astoned, astonished: B 1504. Fr. Awayt, watch: c 404. O. Fr. estonnir, to astonish, amaze (Lat. At-renne, out-run: B 1391. See Atte, at the: A 193. O. E. at-tham, Attempre, adj. temperate, mode- Atteyne, to attain: в 385. Fr. Auter, altar: B 1047. Avaunce, to be of advantage, be Avauntour, boaster: c 97. tune: A 25, 795. Avis, Avys, advice, consideration, Avisioun, Avysoun, vision: C Avow, vow, promise: B 1379. with wake. A. S. wacan, Goth. Ayein, Ayeins, Ayens, again, B. Baar, Bar, bore, carried: A 158, Bacoun, bacon: c 25. O. Fr. bacon, In the Wicliffite versions, Bak, back: c 515. Balled, bald: A 198, в 1660. The original meaning seems to have been (1) shining, (2) white (as in bald-faced stag). O. E. bal, a blaze; A. S. bæl, Icel. bâl, blaze, fire. Bane, destruction, death: в 239, 823. A. S. bana, bona, O. H. Ger. bana, Fris. bona, O. N. bani, destruction, a violent death, bane; Goth. banja, a wound; Icel. bana, to slay. It is perhaps connected with Eng. bang, Icel. banga, to strike. The O. E. bane sometimes signifies poison, whence hen-bane, fly-bane. Baner, a banner: B 120, 1552. Mid. Lat. banera, bannerium; Fr. bannière; It. bandiera. Mr. Wedgwood suggests the Goth. bandwa, a sign or token, as the root, which is connected with Eng. bend, Icel. benda, to bend, beckon, banda, to make signs. Bar, bore, conducted: A 105, 721. Barbour, a barber. Fr. barbier, from Lat. barba, the beard. Bare, open, plain: A 683, в 2019. Bareyn, Bareyne, barren, devoid of: B 386, 1119. O. Fr. baraigne, brebaigne. The root breb is perhaps connected with Du. braeck, sterile. Baronage, an assembly of barons: B 2238. It. barone, Sp. varon, O. Fr. ber, Fr. baron. Originally man, husband. 'Le bar non es creat per la femna mas la femna per le baro' The man was not created for the woman, but the woman for the man.' In our own law it was used for married men ; baron and femine, man and wife. The root perhaps is identical with the Lat. vir. (Wedgwood.) Barre, bar or bolt of a door: B 217. O. Fr. barre, Mid. Lat. barra, from M. H. Ger. barre, a beam or long pole of wood; O. H. Ger. para. Barricade and barrier are formed direct from the Fr. barre. Cp. Sp. barras, a bar; Fr. embarras, Eng. embarrassed. The A. S. sparran, Ger. sperren, to bar, bolt; Sw. sparre, a bar, Eng. spar, are sibillated forms of the root bar or par, which may be referred to O. N. barr, a tree. Barres, ornaments of a girdle: A 329. See note on 1. 329 of Prologue. Batail, Bataile, Bataille, Batayl, Bataylle, battle: A 61, B 130. Fr. bataille, a battle; it also signifies, like O. E. bataille, a squadron, an armed host, a battalion. It. battere; Fr. battre, to beat. With the root bat are connected battery, batter. (2) been, Bataylld, embattled: c 40. Fr. batillé, bastillé, built as a bastille or fortress, furnished with turrets. Bawdrick, baudrick, or baldrick, belt, or girdle, worn transversely: A 116. It sometimes signified the cingulum or military belt. It was used in the sixteenth century for the jewelled ornament worn round the neck both by ladies and noblemen. O. Fr. baudré, O. H. Ger. balderich, Icel. belti, O. H. Ger. balz, a belt. Be, (1) to be, в 1377; А бо. Bede, a bead (pl. bedes): A 159. A. S. bead, gebed, O. Sax. beda, O. Fris. bede, a prayer; O. Sax. bedon, to pray. 'Beads were strung on a string, and originally used for the purpose of helping the memory in reciting a certain tale of prayers or doxologies. To bid one's bedes or beads was to say one's prayers.' (Wedgwood.) 'Praying in gibberish, and mumbling of beads.' (Burton's Anat. of Mel. p. 26, ed. 1845.) Beem, Bemys, beam, rafter (pl. beemes): C 122. A. S. beám, a tree, |