base of the calyx, and alternating with its lobes. Stamens 15-18, generally 3 or 4 in each bundle, placed in front of the lobes of the calyx. Anthers opening by two pores at the apex. Ovary free. Styles 3, somewhat connected at the base. Berry globose, 3-celled. Seeds angular. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, stipulate, sub-evergreen; stalked and shining. Flowers in axillary racemes. 1. A. MACQUI L'Hérit. The Macqui Aristotelia. Identification. L'Hérit. Stirp., p. 31.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 56.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 58. Spec. Char., &c. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Styles 3, somewhat connected at the base. A sub-evergreen shrub, or low tree. Chili. Height in British gardens 7-18 ft. Introduced in 1733. Flowers small, green, purplish, and yellow; May and June. Berry very dark purple; ripe in September. Variety. A. M. 2 fòlüs variegatis.-The variegated-leaved Macqui Aristotelia. In Chili this plant forms an evergreen shrub, with diffuse branches, growing to the height of 6 ft. The flowers are not very showy; but they are succeeded by berries about the size of a pea, very dark purple, and at length becoming black, which are acid and eatable. In British gardens, it forms a sub-ever green shrub or low tree, of very vigorous growth; so much so, in a young state, that, from the shoots not being matured, they are frequently killed down to the ground, and the foliage more or less injured. Notwithstanding this, the aristotelia frequently flowers, and even ripens fruit; and, in all probability, if the tree were planted in dry and rather poor soil, so as to grow slowly, and not make more wood every year than it could ripen properly, it would attain a large size, and form a very handsome hardy ever green shrub or tree. The plant grows vigorously in any common garden soil, producing shoots 3 ft., 4 ft., or 5 ft. in length when young; and it is readily propagated by cuttings or by layers. One has been raised Other Species of Aristotelia.. in the Chelsea Botanic Garden, from South American seeds, which Mr. Dillwyn found to stand the winter of 1837-8 better than A. Mácqui. Azara dentata R. & P., Don's Mill. i. p. 257. (Bot. Reg. t. 1788., and our fig. 277.) is an evergreen shrub or low tree, growing to the height of 12 ft. in Chili. It.stood 9 years in the Hort. Soc. Garden, against a wall, and, though killed by the winter of 1837-8, it may yet ultimately prove tolerably hardy. A. integrifolia, if a different species, may possibly be found hardy also. 2.7. Azara dentata. ORDER XXIV. ANACARDIA CEÆ. Identification. Lindley, in Introd. to N. S. Synonymes. 2.66. Terebinthacea, tribe 1. Anacardièæ R. Br., and tribe 2. Sumachineæ Dec. Prod. ORD. CHAR. Flowers generally unisexual. Calyx usually 5-parted. Petals equal in number to the divisions of the calyx, cohering at the base when the disk is absent. Stamens same number, or twice that number. Disk, when present, annual. Ovarium usually solitary. Styles 1-3, sometimes wanting. Fruit indehiscent. (Lindl.)- Low deciduous or evergreen trees, natives of Asia and Africa. Leaves simple or compound, alternate, exstipulate, deciduous or evergreen; without pellucid dots. Flowers terminal or axillary, in panicles, with bracts. -The hardy species belong to the genera Pistàcia, Rhús, and Duvaúa, which are thus contradistinguished : PISTA CIA L. Flowers dioecious, apetalous, amentaceous. Stigmas 3. Drupe dry, containing a 1-celled, 1-seeded nut. RHU'S L. Flowers polygamous. Styles or stigmas 3. Drupe nearly dry, containing a 1-celled, 1-3-seeded nut. DUVAU'A Kth. Flowers monacious or diœcious. Styles 3-4, short. Drupe containing a coriaceous 1-seeded nut. GENUS I. PISTA CIA L. THE PISTACHIA TREE. Lin. Syst. Dice'cia Pentándria. Derivation. From the Greek word Pistakia, derived from Psittakion, the name of a city; or from the Arabic word Foustaq, the Arabian name of Pistácia vèra. Gen. Char. Flowers dioecious, and without petals; disposed in amentaccous racemes, each scale with one flower. Calyx 3-5-cleft. Stamens 5, inserted into a calycine disk, or into the calyx; with 4-cornered, almost sessile, anthers. Ovary 1-3-celled. Stigmas 3, and thickish. Fruit a dry ovate drupe; nut bony, and usually 1-celled, with a single seed affixed to the bottom. Cotyledons thick, fleshy, oily, and bent back upon the radicle.-Small trees, natives of the South of Europe and Asia. Leaves compound, impari-pinnate, deciduous or evergreen; dying off of a beautiful reddish purple; young shoots tinged with purple. 1. P. VERA L. The true Pistachia Tree. Identification. Lin. Spec., 1454.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 64.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 65. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves deciduous, impari-pinnate, of 3-5 leaflets, rarely of 1; the leaflets ovate, a little tapered at the base, indistinctly mucronate at the tip. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. Syria. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1770. Flowers small, brownish green; April and May. Fruit reddish, an inch long, ovate; ripe in Syria in September, rarely seen in England. Varieties. The following are considered by some authors as species : Y P. v. 2 trifolia Lin. Spec. 1454., Bocc. 3 leaflets. I P. v. 3 narbonensis Bocc. Mus. t. ii. 693., Cultivated in the South of France, and in 278. Pistácia vèra. 2. P. TEREBI'NTHUS Lin. The Turpentine Pistachia, or Venetian or Chian Turpentine Tree. Identification. Lin. Spec., 1455.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 64.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 65. Synonymes. T. vulgàris Tourn. Inst. 579.; P. vèra Mill. Dict. No. 4.; Pistachier Térébinthe, Fr.; Terpentin Pistacie, Ger.; Terebinto, Ital. Engravings. Woodv. Med. Bot., 415. t. 153. ; and our fig. 279. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves deciduous, impari-pinnate, of about 7 leaflets, that are ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, and at the tip acute and mucronate. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous tree. South of Europe and North of Africa. Height 30 ft. Introduced in 1656. Flowers dull yellow and crimson; June and July. Fruit dark blue, hardly bigger than a large pea. Variety. P. T. 2 sphærocárpa Dec. - Fruit larger and The general appearance of the tree is that of P. vèra, but the leaves are larger, and the fruit only a third of the size; the leaflets are, also, lanceolate, instead of being subovate. The red hue of the branches, especially when young, is very beautiful; and the leaves are 279. P. Terebinthus. also more or less tinged with red. The fruit is round, not succulent, and somewhat furrowed; at first green, and afterwards reddish; but black, or of a very dark blue, when ripe. The leaves and flowers emit a very resinous odour, which spreads to a considerable distance, more especially at sunset, when the dew is falling, after a very warm day. The substance called Venice or Chian turpentine is the resin which exudes from this tree. In British gardens, the tree is not very common, though it is generally considered as the hardiest of the genus; and, with P. vèra, may be planted in warm sheltered situations in the open border. 3. P. LENTI'SCUS L. The Mastich Tree. Identification. Lin. Spec., 1455.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 65. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 66. Engravings. Woodv. Med. Bot., t. 152.; and our fig 280. Spec. Char., &c. Evergreen. Leaves abruptly pinnate; leaflets 8, lanceolate; petiole winged. (Dec. Prod.) An evergreen tree. Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and the Levant. Height 20 ft. Introduced in 1664. Flowers green; April and May. Fruit brownish; ripe in October. Varieties. P. L. 2 angustifolia Dec., P. massiliensis Mill. Dict., P. angustifolia massiliensis Tourn., has leaflets almost linear, and the tree seldom exceeds 10 ft. in height. * P. L. 3 chìa N. Du Ham. iv. p. 72.; P. chia Desf. Cat. Hort. Par.- A native of The species bears a general resemblance to the two preceding ones, in summer, when they are clothed with foliage; but it differs from them in being evergreen, and in having the leaves much smaller. The leaves have sometimes 5 leaflets on each side; and the petioles are so much winged as to appear like pinnæ. The tree in the South of Europe, and the North of Africa, is cultivated in gardens, as well as found in a wild state; but in British gardens it is not so hardy as P. Terebinthus, and north of London should always be planted against a wall, 280. Pistácia Lentiscus. Other Species of Pistácia.-P. atlántica Desf., a deciduous tree from Mount Atlas, is said to have been introduced in 1790, but it requires the protection of a frame or green-house. RHU'S L. THE RHUS, or SUMACH. Lin. Syst. Pentándria Trigynia and Dice'cia Pentándria. Identification. Lin. Gen., 369. Lam. Ill., t. 207.; Kunth Gen. Tereb., p. 5.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 66. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 61. and p. 69. Synonymes. Sumach, Fr. and Ger.; Ru, Ital. Derivation. From rhoos, or rhous, Greek, or from rhudd, or rud, Celtic, red; in allusion to the colour of the fruit and leaves of some of the species in autumn. Others derive Rhús from the Greek verb rheo, I run, from the habit of the roots running and spreading under ground to a considerable distance from the tree. Sumach is derived from Simaq, the Arabic name of the plant. Gen. Char. Sexes hermaphrodite, dioecious, or polygamous. Calyx small, 5-parted, persistent. Petals ovate, and inserted into a calycine disk, or into the calyx. Stamens 5, inserted into a calycine disk. Ovary single, subglobular, of 1 cell. Styles 3, short, or wanting. Stigmas 3. Fruit an almost dry drupe of 1 cell, with a bony nut, which includes a single seed; and, in some instances, 2-3 seeds. (Dec. Prod.)-Deciduous shrubs. Natives of Europe, Asia, and North and South America. Leaves simple or unequally pinnate, alternate, stipulate, deciduous. Flowers in terminal racemes, or panicles. The leaves vary much, both in form and magnitude; and they generally die off, in autumn, of a dark red, or a bright scarlet, or yellow, when they are very ornamental. Most of the species are poisonous, some highly so; and they all may be used in tanning, and dyeing yellow or black. They are all easily propagated by cuttings of the root, and some of them by cuttings of the branches. Some of the hardy species are rambling climbers, and others tree-like bushes. fi. Sect. Char. Leaves undivided. 1. K. CO'TINUS L. Cótinus Tourn. Flowers hermaphrodite. The Cotinus Rhus, or Venetian Sumach. Identification. Lin. Spec., 383.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 67.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 69. Derivation. The term Cotinus is derived from cotinos, a name under which Pliny speaks of a tree Spec. Char., &c. Leaves obovate. (Dec. Prod.) A deciduous rambling shrub. Spain to Caucasus; and, according to Torrey and Gray, probably of North America. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. wild; 6 ft. to 8 ft. in a state of culture. Introduced in 1656. Flowers pale purplish, or flesh colour; June and July. Fruit white; ripe in September. Decaying leaves of a fine reddish yellow. Naked young wood smooth brown. The flowers are disposed in loose panicles, and are hermaphrodite. The drupe is half-heart-shaped, smooth, and veiny; and its nut is triangular. Many of the flowers are abortive; and their pedicels, after flowering, lengthen, and become hairy. A highly ornamental shrub, more especially when covered with its large loose panicles of elongated hairy pedicels. It is easily known from all the other species by its simple, obovate, smooth, stiff, lucid green leaves, rounded at the points, and supported by long footstalks, which remain on till they are killed by frost, so that the plant is almost a sub-evergreen. A dry loam suits it best; and it is propagated by pegging down the branches flat to the ground, and strewing earth over them, through which young shoots rise up, which root at the base, and may be removed in autumn. ii. Sumach Dec. 281. R. Cótinus. Sect. Char. Leaves impari-pinnate; leaflets more than 3 in the leaves of each of the first 6 species of this section. Flowers in panicles, polygamous, dicecious, or hermaphrodite. 2. R. TYPHINA L. The Fever Rhus, or Stag's Horn Sumach. Identification. Lin. Spec., 380.; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 67.; Don's Mill., 2. p. 70.; Tor. and Gray, 1. p. 217. Synonymes. R. virginiana Bauh. Pin. p. 517.; Virginian Sumach. |
