among us whose minds are set on the advancement of civilization, to make the most of present opportunities, that even when in future years progress is arrested, it may be arrested at the higher level. To the promoters of what is sound and reformers of what is faulty in modern culture, ethnography has double help to give. To impress men's minds with a doctrine of development, will lead them in all honour to their ancestors to continue the progressive work of past ages, to continue it the more vigorously because light has increased in the world, and where barbaric hordes groped blindly, cultured men can often move onward with clear view. It is a harsher, and at times even painful, office of ethnography to expose the remains of crude old culture which have passed into harmful superstition, and to mark these out for destruction. Yet this work, if less genial, is not less urgently needful for the good of mankind. Thus, active at once in aiding progress and in removing hindrance, the science of culture is essentially a reformer's science.
Abacus, i. 270. Accent, i. 173. Acephali, i. 390.
Achilles :-vulnerable spot, i. 358; dream, i. 444; in Hades, ii. 81. Acosta, on American archetypal deities, ii. 244. Adam, ii. 312, 315.
Ælian, i. 372, ii. 423; on Kyno- kephali, i. 389. Eolus, i. 361, ii. 269. Esculapius:-incubation in temple, ii. 121; serpents of, ii. 241. Affirmative and negative particles,
Afghans, race-genealogy of, i. 403. Agni, ii. 281, 386.
Agreement in custom and opinion no proof of soundness, i. 13. Agriculture, god of, ii. 305. Ahriman, ii. 328.
Ahura-Mazda, ii. 283, 328, 355. Alexander the Great, i. 395, ii. 138. Alfonso di Liguori, St., bilocation of, i. 447.
Alger, W. R., i. 471, 484, ii. 83. Algonquin languages, animate and inanimate genders, i. 302. Ali as Thunder-god, ii. 264. All Souls', feast of dead, ii. 37. Allegory, i. 277, 408.
Aloysius Gonzaga, St., letters to, ii.
Alphabet, i. 171; by raps, i. 145; as numeral series, i. 258. Amatongo, i. 443, ii. 115, 131, 313, 367, 387.
Amenti, Egyptian dead-land, ii. 67, 81, 96, 295, 311. Amphidromia, ii. 439.
Analogy, myth product of, i. 297. Ancestors, eponymic myths of, i. 398, ii. 234; worship of divine, ii. 113, 311; see Manes-worship, Totem-worship.
Ancestral names indicate re-birth of souls, ii. 5.
Ancestral tablet, Chinese, ii. 118,
Andaman Islanders, mythic origin of, i. 369, 389.
Angang, omen from meeting animal, i, 120.
Angel, see Spirit; of death, i. 295, ii. 196, 322.
Angelo, St., legend of, i. 295. Anima, animus, i. 433, 470. Animals :-omens from, i. 120; calls to and cries of, 177; imitative names from cries, &c., 206; treated as human, i. 467, ii. 230; souls of, i. 469; future life and funeral sac- rifice of, i. 469, ii. 75, &c.; entry and transmigration of souls into and possession by spirits, ii. 7, 152, 161, 175, 231, 241, 378, &c. ; dis- eases transferred to, ii. 147; see spirits invisible to men, ii. 196. Animals, sacred, incarnations or re- presentatives of deities, ii. 231; receive and consume sacrifices, 378.
Animal-worship, i. 467, ii. 229, 378. Animism :-defined, i. 23, 425; is the philosophy of religion, i. 426, ii. 356; is a primitive scientific sys- tem of man and nature based on the conception of the human soul, i. 428, 499, ii. 108, 184, 356; its stages of development, survival, and decline, i. 499, ii. 181, 356. See Soul, Spirit, &c., &c. Anra-Mainyu, ii. 328. Antar, tumulus of, ii. 29. Anthropomorphic
conceptions spirit and deity, ii. 110, 184, 247, 335.
Antipodes, i. 392.
Ape-men, i. 379; apes degenerate men, 376; can but will not talk, 379.
Apollo, ii. 294.
Apophis-serpent, ii. 241. Apotheosis, ii. 120.
Apparitional soul, i. 428; its like-
ness to body, 450. Apparitions, i. 143, 440, 445, 478, ii. 24, 187, 410, &c.
Archetypal deities and ideas, ii. 243. Ares, ii. 308.
Argos Panoptes, i. 320.
Argyll, Duke of, on primæval man, i. 60.
Arithmetic, see Counting. Arriero, i. 191.
Arrows, magic, i. 345.
Artemidorus, on dream-omens, i. 122.
Aryan race :-no savage tribe among, i. 49; antiquity of culture, i 54. Ascendant in horoscope, i. 129. Ashera, worship of, ii. 166, 226. Ashes strewn for spirit-footprints, i. 455, ii. 197.
Association of ideas, foundation of magic, i. 116. Astrology, i. 128, 291. Atahentsic, ii. 299, 309, 323. Atahocan, ii. 323, 340.
Atavism, explained by transmigra- tion, ii. 3.
Atheist, use of word, i. 420.
Augury, &c., i. 119. See ii. 179, 232. Augustine, St., i. 199, 441, ii. 54, 427; on dreams, i. 441; on incubi, ii. 190.
Augustus, genius of, ii. 202. Avatars, ii. 239.
Avernus, Lake, ii. 45. Ayenbite of Inwyt, i. 456.
Baal-Shemesh, ii. 295.
Bacon, Lord, on allegory, i. 277. Bætyls, animated stones, ii. 166. Baku, burning wells of, ii. 281. Baldr, i. 464.
Bale, Bishop, i. 384; on witchcraft, i. 142.
Bands, clerical, i. 18.
Baptism, ii. 440; orientation in, 427. Baring-Gould, S., on werewolves, i. 314.
Bastian, Adolf, Mensch in der Ge.
schichte, i. vi.; ii. 209, 222, 242, 280, &c.
Baudet, etymology of, i. 413. Beal, ii. 252, 408.
Bear, Great, i. 359.
Beast-fables, i. 381, 409.
Bees, telling, i. 287.
Bel, ii. 293, 380, 384.
Berkeley, Bishop, on ideas, i. 499; on force and matter, ii. 160. Bewitching by objects, i. 116. Bible and key, ordeal by, i. 128. Bilocation, i. 447.
Bird, of thunder, i. 362; bird con- veys spirit, ii. 161, 175. Blackstone's Commentaries, i. 20. Blemmyæ, headless men, i. 390. Blood-related to soul, i. 431; re-
vives ghosts, ii. 48; offered to deities, 381; substitute for life, 402.
Blood-red stain, myths to account for, i. 406. Bloodsuckers, ii. 191. Blow-tube, i. 67. Bo tree, ii. 218.
Boar's head, ii. 408.
Boats without iron, myth on, i.
Bow and Arrow, i. 7, 15, 64, 73. Brahma, ii. 354, 425. Brahmanism :-funeral rites, i. 465,
&c.; transmigration, ii. 9, 19, 97; manes-worship, 119; stone- worship, 164; idolatry, 178; animal-worship, 238; sun-wor- ship, 292; orientation, 425; lustra- tion, 437.
Breath, its relation to soul, i. 432. Bride-capture, game of, i. 72. Bridge, first crossing, i. 106; of
dead, i. 495, ii. 50, 94, 100, &c. Brinton, D. G., i. 53, 361, ii. 90,
340; on dualistic myths, ii. 320. Britain, eponymic kings of, i. 400; voyage of souls to, ii. 64. Brosses, C. de, on degeneration and development, i. 36; origin of lan- guage, 161; fetishism, ii. 144; species-deities, 246.
Browne, Sir Thos., on magnetic mountain, i. 375.
Brutus, evil genius of, ii. 203.
Brynhild, i. 465.
Buck, buck, game of, i. 74.
Buddha, transmigrations of, i. 414, ii. 11.
Buddhism :-culture tradition, i. 41; saints rise in air, i. 149; transmigration, ii. 11, 20, 97; nirvana, ii. 79; tree-worship, i. 476, ii. 217; serpent-worship, 240; religious formulas, 372. Buildings, victim immured in foundation, i. 104, &c.; mythic founders of, i. 394.
Bull, Bishop, on guardian angels, ii. 203.
Bura Pennu, ii. 327, 350, 368, 404. Burial, ghost wanders till, ii. 27; corpse laid east and west, 423. Burning oats from straw, i. 44. Burton, R. F., continuance-theory of future life, ii. 75; disease- spirits, 150.
Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy, in- cubi, &c., ii. 191. Buschmann,
Butler, Bishop, on natural religion, ii. 356.
Cacodæmon, ii. 138, 202.
Cæsar, on German deities, ii. 294. Cagots, i. 115, 384.
Calls to animals, i. 177.
Calmet, on souls, i. 457; on spirits, ii. 188, &c. Calumet, i. 210.
Candles against demons, ii. 194. Cant, myth on word, i. 397. Cardinal numbers, i. 257. Cards, Playing, i. 82, 126. Cassava, i. 63.
Castrén, ii. 80, 155, 177, 245, 351, &c.
Cave-men, condition of, i. 59. Ceremonies, religious, ii. 362, &c. Ceres, ii. 306.
Chances, games of, their relation to arts of divination, i. 78. Chanticleer, i. 413. Charivari at eclipse, i. 329. Charms-objects, i. 118, ii. 148; formulas, their relation to prayers, ii. 373.
Charon, i. 490, ii. 93. Chesterfield, Lord, on customs, i.
95; on omens, i. 118. Chic, myth on word, i. 397. Childbirth-goddess, ii. 305. Children, numerical series of names for, i. 254; suckled by wild beasts, i. 281; receive ancestors' souls and names, ii. 4; sacrifice of, ii. 398, 403.
Children's language, i. 223. China, religion of:-funeral rites, i. 464, 493; manes-worship, ii. 118; cultus of heaven and earth, 257, 272, 352; divine hierarchy, 352; prayer, 370; sacrifices, 385, 405. Chinese culture-tradition, i. 40; re- mains in Borneo, i. 57. Chiromancy or palmistry, i. 125. Chirp or twitter of ghosts, &c., i. 453.
Christmas, origin of, ii. 297. Chronology, limits of ancient, i.
Cicero, on dreams, i. 444; sun-gods, ii. 294.
Civilization, see Culture. Civilization-myths, i. 39, 353. Civilized men adopt savage life, i. 45.
Clairvoyance, by objects, i. 116. Clashing rocks, myth of, i. 347. Clicks, i. 171, 192.
Cocoa-nut, divination by, i. 80. Coin placed with dead, i. 490, 494. Columba, St., legend of, i. 104. Columbus, his quest of Earthly Paradise, ii. 61. Common, right of, i. 20. Comparative theology, ii. 251. Comte, Auguste, i. 19; fetishism, i. 477, ii. 144, 354; species-deities, 242. Confucius, i. 157; funeral sacrifice, i. 464, ii. 42; spirits, 206; name of supreme deity, 352. Consonants, i. 169. Constellations, myths of, i. 290, 356. Continuance-theory of future life, ii.
Convulsions :-by demoniacal pos- session, ii. 130; artificially pro- duced, 416.
Convulsionnaires, ii. 420. Copal incense, ii. 384.
Cord, magical connexion by, i. 117. Corpse taken out by special opening in house, ii. 26; soul remains near, ii. 29, 150.
Cortes, i. 319. Costume, i. 18.
Counting, art of, i. 22, 240, &c. ; on fingers and toes, 244; by letters of alphabet, &c., 258; derivation of numeral words, 247; evidence of independent development of low tribes, 271.
Counting games, i. 75, 87. Couvade, in South India, i. 84.
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