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42. Leather-yellow (alutaceus); whitish yellow.

43. Ochre-colour (ochraceus); yellow, imperceptibly changing to

brown.

44. Ochroleucus; the same, but whiter.

45. Waxy yellow (cerinus); dull yellow, with a soft mixture of reddish brown.

46. Yolk of egg (vitellinus); dull yellow, just turning to red. 47. Apricot-colour (armeniacus); yellow, with a perceptible mixture of red.

48. Orange-colour (aurantiacus, aurantius); the same, but redder.

49. Saffron-coloured (croceus); the same, but deeper and with a dash of brown.

50. Helvolus; greyish yellow, with a little brown.

51. Isabella-yellow (gilvus); dull yellow, with a mixture of grey and red.

52. Testaceous (testaceus); brownish yellow, like that of unglazed earthenware.

53. Tawny (fulvus); dull yellow, with a mixture of grey and brown.

54. Cervinus; the same, darker.

55. Livid (lividus); clouded with greyish, brownish, and bluish.

VI. Green.

56. Grass-green (smaragdinus, prasinus); clear lively green, without any mixture.

57. Green (viridis; in Greek composition, chloro-); clear green, but less bright than the last. Virens, virescens, viridulus, viridescens, are shades of this.

58. Verdigris-green (æruginosus); deep green, with a mixture of blue.

59. Sea-green (glaucus, † thalassicus, glaucescens); dull green, passing into greyish blue.

60. Deep green (atrovirens); green, a little verging upon black.

61. Yellowish green (flavovirens); much stained with yellow. 62. Olive-green (olivaceus; in Greek composition, elaio-); a mixture of green and brown.

VII. Blue.

63. Prussian blue (cyaneus; in Greek composition, cyano-); a clear bright blue.

64. Indigo (+ indigoticus); the deepest blue.

65. Blue (cæruleus); something lighter and duller than the last.

66. Sky-blue (azureus); a light, pure, lively blue.

67. Lavender-colour (cæsius); pale blue, with a slight mixture of

grey.

68. Violet (violaceus, ianthinus); pure blue stained with red, so as to be intermediate between the two colours.

69. Lilac (lilacinus); pale dull violet, mixed a little with white.

VIII. Red.

70. Carmine (kermesinus, puniceus); the purest red, without any

admixture.

71. Red (ruber; in Greek composition, erythro-); the common term for any pure red. Rubescens, rubeus, rubellus, rubicundus, belonging to this.

72. Rosy (roseus; in Greek composition, rhodo-); pale pure

red.

73. Flesh-coloured (carneus, incarnatus); paler than the last, with a slight mixture of red.

74. Purple (purpureus); dull red, with a slight dash of blue. 75. Sanguine (sanguineus); dull red, passing into brownish black.

76. Phoeniceous (phoeniceus, puniceus); pure lively red, with a mixture of carmine and scarlet.

77. Scarlet (coccineus); pure carmine, slightly tinged with yellow.

78. Flame-coloured (flammeus, igneus); very lively scarlet, fiery red.

79. Bright red (rutilans, rutilus); reddish, with a metallic lustre. 80. Cinnabar (cinnabarinus); scarlet, with a slight mixture of orange.

81. Vermilion (miniatus, † vermiculatus); scarlet, with a decided mixture of yellow.

82. Brick-colour (lateritius); the same, but dull and mixed with

grey.

83. Brown-red (rubiginosus, hæmatiticus); dull red, with a slight mixture of brown.

84. Xerampelinus; dull red, with a strong mixture of brown. 85. Coppery (cupreus); brownish red, with a metallic lustre. 86. Githagineus; greenish red.

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1. Variegated (variegatus); the colour disposed in various irregular, sinuous spaces.

2. Blotched (maculatus); the colour disposed in broad, irregular blotches.

3. Spotted (guttatus); the colour disposed in small spots.

4. Dotted (punctatus); the colour disposed in very small round spots.

5. Clouded (nebulosus); when colours are unequally blended together.

6. Marbled (marmoratus); when a surface is traversed by irregular veins of colour; as a block of marble often is.

7. Tessellated (tessellatus); when the colour is arranged in small squares, so as to have some resemblance to a tessellated pave

ment.

8. Bordered (limbatus); when one colour is surrounded by an edging of another.

9. Edged (marginatus); when one colour is surrounded by a very narrow rim of another.

10. Discoidal (discoidalis); when there is a single large spot of colour in the centre of some other.

11. Banded (fasciatus); when there are transverse stripes of one colour crossing another.

12. Striped (vittatus); when there are longitudinal stripes of one colour crossing another.

13. Ocellated (ocellatus); when a broad spot of some colour has another spot of a different colour within it.

14. Painted (pictus); when colours are disposed in streaks of unequal intensity.

15. Zoned (zonatus); the same as ocellated, but the concentric bands more numerous.

16. Blurred (lituratus). This, according to De Candolle, is occasionally, but rarely, used to indicate spots or rays which seem formed by the abrasion of the surface; but I know of no instance of such a character.

17. Lettered (grammicus); when the spots upon a surface assume the form and appearance of letters; as some Opegraphas.

9. Of Veining.

In terms expressive of this quality the word nerves is generally used, but very incorrectly.

1. Ribbed (nervosus, † nervatus); having several ribs; as Plantago lanceolata, &c.

2. One-ribbed (uninervis, † uninervatus, costatus); when there is only one rib; as in most leaves.

3. Three-ribbed (trinervis); when there are three ribs all proceeding from the base; as in Chironia Centaurium. Quinquenervis, when there are five; as in Gentiana lutea. Septemnervis, when there are seven; as in Alisma Plantago; and so on. 4. Triple-ribbed (triplinervis); when of three ribs the two lateral ones emerge from the middle one a little above its base; as in Melastoma multiflora. Quintuplinervis, &c., are used to express the obvious modifications of this.

5. Indirectè venosus; when the lateral veins are combined within the margin, and emit other little veins. Link.

6. Evanescenti-venosus; when the lateral veins disappear within the margin. Id.

7. † Combinatè venosus; when the lateral veins unite before they reach the margin. Id.

8. Straight-ribbed († rectinervis, † parallelinervis, directè venosus, Link); when the lateral ribs are straight; as in Alnus glutinosa, Castanea vesca, &c., Mirb. When the ribs are straight and almost parallel, but united at the summit; as in Grasses. De Cand.

9. +Curve-ribbed († curvinervis, † converginervis); when the ribs describe a curve, and meet at the point; as in Plantago lanceolata.

10. Ruptinervis; when a straight-ribbed leaf has its ribs interrupted at intervals. De Cand.

11. †Penniformis; when the ribs are disposed as in a pinnated leaf, but confluent at the point; as in the Date. De Cand. 12. +Palmiformis; when the ribs are arranged as in palmate leaves; as in the Chamærops. Id.

13. †Penninervis; when the ribs are pinnated (De Cand.); as in Castanea vesca.

14. Pedatinervis; when the ribs are pedate. De Cand.

15.

Palminervis; when they are palmated. Id.

16. +Peltinervis; when they are peltate. Id.

17.

Vaginervis; when the veins are arranged without any order; as in Ficoideæ. Id.

18. +Retinervis; when the veins are reticulated, or like lace. Id. 19. Nullinervis, or Enervis; when there are no ribs or veins whatever. Id.

20. +Falsinervis; when the veins have no vascular tissue, but are formed of simple, elongated, cellular tissue; as in Mosses, Fuci, &c.

21. † Hinoideus; when all the veins proceed from the midrib, and are parallel and undivided; as in Scitamineæ. Link. When they are connected by little cross veins, the term is +venuloso-hinoideus. Id.

22. † Venosus; when the lateral veins are variously divided. Id.

II. Of Individual Relative Terms.

These are arranged under the heads of Estivation, or the relation which organs bear to each other in the bud state; Direction, or the relation which organs bear to the surface of the earth, or to the stem of the plant which forms the axis, either real or imaginary, round which they are disposed; and Insertion, or the manner in which one part is inserted into, or adheres to, another.

1. Of Estivation.

The term estivation, or præfloration, is applied to the parts of the flower when unexpanded; and vernation is expressive of the foliage in the same state. The ideas of their modifications are, however, essentially the same.

1. Involute (involutiva, involuta); when the edges are rolled inwards spirally on each side (Link); as the leaf of the Apple.

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