Variety. S. v. 2 foliis variegatis, S. glomeràta fòliis variegàtis Lodd. Cat., has 2. S. MONTANUS Humb, et Bonp, The Mountain Identification. Humb. et Bonp. Nov. Gen. et Spec., 3. p. 332.; Dec. Synonymes. Symphòria montana Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1. p. 757.; S. glau- Engravings. Maund's Botanist, 1. t. 20.; and our fig. 1011. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate, acute, slightly mucronate, rounded at the base, pubescent beneath. Flowers axillary, mostly solitary. A dense erect subevergreen shrub. Mexico, on mountains, 7000 to 8000 ft. of elevation. Height 5 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1829. Flowers pinkish; August to October. Fruit globose white; ripe in December. A very desirable shrub, perfectly hardy, and almost evergreen. It commences flowering in August, and does not cease till it is checked by frost. Layers in common soil. 1011. S. montana. 3. S. RACEMO'sus Michx. The racemose-flowered St. Peter's Wort, or Snowberry. Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 1. p. 107.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 339.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 451. Synonymes. Symphoria racemosa Pursh Sept. 1. p. 162.; ?S. elongata, and S. heterophylla Prest in Herb. Hænke; S. leucocarpa Hort. Engravings. Bot. Mag., t. 2211.; Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 230.; and our fig. 1012. Spec. Char., &c. Flowers disposed in nearly terminal, loose, interrupted racemes, which are often leafy. Corolla densely bearded inside. Style and stamens enclosed. Leaves glaucous beneath. Corolla rose-coloured. Berries large, white. (Don's Mill.) A bushy shrub, with numerous ascending shoots. North America, on mountains, near Lake Mistassins, on the banks of the Missouri, and various other places. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1817. Flowers rose-coloured; July to September. Fruit large, white; ripening in October, and remaining on great part of the winter. 1012. S. racemòsus. The S. elongatus and S. heterophyllus Presl in Herb. Hanke, which were collected about Nootka Sound, do not differ from this species, in which the lower leaves are sometimes deeply sinuated. In small gardens, this shrub is rather troublesome, from the numerous suckers it throws up from the roots; but, as its flowers are much sought after by bees, and its berries are excellent food for game; that habit, when it is planted for these purposes, is found rather advantageous than otherwise. For single specimens in small gardens, it might be desirable to graft it on Lonicera Xylósteum, or some allied species of suitable habit. So grafted, standard high, it would form a very elegant little tree. 1013. S. occidentalis. ments densely bearded inside. Style and stamens a little exserted. (Don's Mill.) A dense shrub, bearing a close resemblance to S. racemòsus. British North America, in the woody country between lat. 54° and 649. Height 4 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced?. Flowers pinkish; July to September. Fruit white; October, and remaining on during the winter. Distinguished from S. racemòsus by the larger, less glaucous, more rigid, and denser foliage, and by the flowers being arranged in dense drooping spikes, longer than in S. racemòsus, and by the prominent style and stamens. GENUS VI. LEYCESTE RIA Wall. THE LEYCESTERIA. Lin. Syst. Pentándria Monogynia. Identification. Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., 2. p. 181.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 338.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 451. Derivation. Named by Dr. Wallich after his friend William Leycester, formerly chief judge of the principal native court under the Bengal Presidency; "who during a long series of years, and in various parts of Hindoostan, has pursued every branch of horticulture with a munificence, zeal, and success, which abundantly entitle him to that distinction." Gen. Char. Calyx with an ovate tube, and an unequal, 5-parted, permanent limb. Segments unequal, small, linear, glandularly ciliated, Corolla funnel-shaped; having the tube gibbous above the base, and the limb campanulate, and divided into 5 ovate nearly equal lobes. Stamens 5. Stigma capitate. Berry roundish, 5-celled. (Don's Mill.) Leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, sub-evergreen; ovatelanceolate, acuminated, petiolate, smooth, entire, membranous, glaucous, with an obtuse subcordate base. Petioles pilose. Flowers white, with a tinge of purple; disposed in whorls, forming short leafy drooping racemes, which terminate the branches and branchlets. Bracteas large, foliaceous, purplish, pubescent and ciliated, lanceolate, acuminated; generally 6 under each whorl of flowers. Berries deep purple, approaching to black, as large as a common-sized gooseberry. Shrub large, rambling, with elongated fistular branches, which rise from scaly buds. Native of Nepal. This genus appears to be intermediate between Caprifoliaceæ and Rubiàcee; but from the last it is distinguished by the want of stipules, 1014. Leycestèria formosa. 1. L. FORMO`SA Wall. The beautiful Leycesteria. Identification. Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind., 2. p. 182.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 338.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 451. Synonyme. Hamèlia connàta Puerari MSS. Engravings. Plant. As. Rar., 2. t. 120.; and our fig. 1014. Spec. Char., &c. As in Gen. Char. A large, rambling, sub-evergreen shrub. Nepal, on mountains; between 6000 ft. and 8000 ft. high, among forests of pine and oak. Height in England, against a wall, 6 ft. to 8 ft. Introduced in 1824. Flowers white, with a tinge of purple; August to October. Fruit purple; ripe in October. Trained against a wall, this shrub has proved quite hardy, but in our cloudy atmosphere it has rather disappointed expectation in the colour of its bracteas, which are much less brilliant than they appear to be in the Himalayas. Cuttings or seeds, which are ripened freely, in common soil. ORD. CHAR. Calyx with a variable limb. Corolla monopetalous, with a variable limb, but generally 4-5-lobed; æstivation twisted or valvate. Stamens equal in number to the segments of the corolla, and more or less adnate to its tube. Anthers introrse. Ovarium 2- or many-celled, crowned by the limb of the calyx. Style 1. Stigmas 2. Fruit baccate or capsular. Cells 1-2- or many-seeded. Albumen horny and fleshy. (G. Don.) Sti Leaves simple, opposite, or 3 in a whorl, stipulate, deciduous. pules short, distinct, or a little combined. Flowers on peduncles, naked, rising from the axils of the leaves, or from the tops of the branches; heads globose, in consequence of the flowers being sessile, and seated on a sessile piliferous receptacle. This order includes a great number of genera; but there is only one of these that contains any ligneous species truly hardy in British gardens. GENUS I. CEPHALANTHUS L. THE BUTTON-WOOD. Lin. Syst. Tetrándria Monogynia. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 113.; Gærtn. Fruct., 2. t. 86. Lam. Ill., t. 59.; Juss. Mém. Mus., 6. p. 402.; Rich. Diss., with a fig.; Dec. Prod., 4. p. 538.; Don's Mill., 3. p. 610.; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. Synonymes. Cephalante, Fr.; Knopflaum Ger.; Cefalanto, Ital. Derivation. From kephale, a head, and anthos, a flower; in allusion to the flowers being disposed in globular heads. Gen. Char. &c. Calyx with an obversely pyramidal tube, and an angular 5-toothed limb. Corolla with a slender tube, and a 4-cleft limb; lobes erectish. Stamens 4, short, inserted in the upper part of the tube, hardly exserted. Style much exserted. Stigma capitate. Fruit inversely pyramidal, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 2-4-? celled, and separating into 2-4 parts; cells, or parts, 1-seeded, indehiscent, and sometimes empty by abortion. Seeds oblong, terminating in a little callous bladder. (Dou's Mill.) -A shrub, with terete branches; native of North America. Leaves and Flowers as in the order. 1. C. OCCIDENTA LIS L. The Western Button-wood. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves opposite, or 3 in a whorl, ovate or oval, acuminated. Mill.) A bushy shrub. Canada to Florida, in marshy places. Height 3 ft. to 6 ft. Introduced in 1735. Flowers yellowish white; July and August. Fruit brownish; ripe in October. Variety. C. o. 2 brachypodus Dec. Prod. iv. p. 539.- Leaves elliptic-oblong, 3 in a whorl, on short petioles. Petioles 3-4 lines long. There are varieties of this, with either glabrous or downy branches. North of Mexico, near Rio de la Trinidad and Bejar. It will grow in common garden soil, but prefers peat kept moist; and is propagated chiefly by seeds, but will also grow by cuttings and layers. It is an interesting shrub, from its curious round heads of flowers, and from the lateness of the season at which these appear. ORD. CHAR. Calyx limb membranous or wanting; or divided into bristles, paleæ, or hairs. Corolla 5-toothed or 5-lobed, tubular, ligulate, or bilabiate on the top of the ovarium. Anthers combined, rarely free. Ovarium 1celled, 1-seeded. Style 1. Stigmas 2. Fruit an achenium, crowned by the limb of the calyx. Albumen none. Characterised by the cohesion of the anthers, and the arrangement of the flowers in involucrated heads on a common receptacle. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, or compound, stipulate or exstipulate, deciduous or ever green. Flowers grouped in heads; those in each head so disposed, and so environed by an involucre composed of bracteas that corresponds to a calyx, as to seem to constitute but one flower. The genera that include hardy ligneous species are mostly natives of Europe and North America: they are all of the easiest propagation and culture in any common garden soil, and are thus contradistinguished: STEHELI NA Lessing. Flowers bisexual. Receptacle with chaffy projections. BACCHARIS R. Br. Flowers diœcious, all tubular. Receptacle naked. Pappus pilose. IVA L. Flowers monoecious, ail tubular. Receptacle flat paleaceous. Achenia naked, but horned. SANTOLI NA L. Receptacle furnished with somewhat flower-clasping paleæ. Achenia naked. ARTEMISIA Cass. Receptacle chaffless. Achenia naked. Heads discoid. NN SENE CIO Lessing. Receptacle naked, or alveolate. Styles penciled. Pappus pilose, caducous. MUTI'SIA Cav. Receptacle naked. Achenia somewhat beaked. Pappus of many series, feathery. With the exception of Baccharis, there is scarcely a plant belonging to the order Compósitæ which is truly ligneous, and at the same time hardy in British gardens, and sufficiently bulky for a general arboretum. Where an arboretum is planted on a lawn, and where it is not intended to cultivate the soil about the roots of the plants, there is not a single genus in this order, with the exception of that mentioned, which could with propriety be introduced. Even the common southernwood, if not planted in dug soil or on rockwork, would soon become stunted, and would ultimately die off. Nevertheless, in a technical enumeration of trees and shrubs, these species could not be omitted. GENUS I. STEHELINA Lessing. THE STEHELINA. Lin. Syst. Syngenesia Equalis. Identification. Lessing Synops. Gen. Compos., p. 5.; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 4. p. 512. Derivation. So named in honour of John Henry Stahelin, and his son Benedict, Swiss botanists and physicians. Gen. Char., &c. Heads homogamous, equal-flowered. Involucrum cylindrical, the scales imbricated and adpressed. Receptacle flat, paleaceous; the paleæ narrow, persistent, hardly concrete at the base. Corolla 5-cleft, regular. Filament glabrous. Anthers appendiculate at top, bisetose at the base; the tails more or less bearded. Style bearded on the thickened part. Stigmas concrete at base, and free at apex, obtuse. Fruit oblong, areolate at apex. Pappus in one series, the hairs combined at the base into 4 or 6 bundles. (G. Don.) Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, evergreen; linear, hoary or silky beneath Flowers in terminal spikes, usually naked. - Subshrubs, evergreen; South of Europe, of easy culture in dry soil, and propagated by cuttings or seeds. 1. S. DUBIA L. The doubtful, or Rosemary leaved, Stahelina. Identification. Lin. Sp.. 1176.; Less. Syn. Gen. Compos., p. 5.; Synonyme. S. rosmarinifolia Cass., according to Less. Syn. Gen. Engravings. Ger. Prov., p. 190. t. 6.; Lam. Ill., 666. f. 4. ; and Spec. Char., &c. Leaves sessile, linear, finely toothed, tomentose beneath. Inner bracteas of the involucre lanceolate, elongate. (Willd.) An evergreen undershrub. South of Europe. Height 2 ft. to 3 ft. Cultivated in 1640. Flowers purple, fragrant; June and July. GENUS II. 1017. Stmhelina dabia. BA'CCHARIS R. Br. THE BACCHARIS, or PLOUGHMAN'S SPIKENARD. Identification. Less. Syn. Gen. Compos., p. 204.; Ait. Hort. 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