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CONTENTS.
ESSAY I.
SAVONAROLA.
PAGE
1
2
.
His Character and Mission discussed
His Biographers
Birth (A.D. 1452) and Boyhood
Enters the Dominican Convent in Bologna
His Poetry
His Obedience to his Order
Preaches his first recorded Sermon at Florence .
His Sermon at Brescia
An Apostle and Martyr of Truth
Lorenzo the Magnificent .
The Pazzi Conspiracy
State of the Papacy.
Dominican Convent of St. Mark
Savonarola's Fame as a Preacher
Appointed Prior of St. Mark
His haughty Demeanour to Lorenzo.
Preaches on the Book of Genesis
Death of Lorenzo and Accession of Piero de' Medici
Savonarola reforms his Convent
Descent of Charles VIII. into Italy
Revolution in Florence
Interview of Savonarola with the King of France
Savonarola the Lawgiver of Florence
His Office under the new Constitution
He rules Florence from the Pulpit
Character of his Eloquence
Religious Parties in Florence.
The Compendium Revelationum'
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Denunciations against all Orders
Change wrought by his Preaching
Organises a Sacred Militia of Youths
Tyranny of the Boy Magistrates
Pope Alexander VI.
Savonarola inveighs against Rome
Papal Brief against him.
Preaches his Lent. Sermons on Amos'
Asserts a Mission above that of the Pope .
Procession on Palm Sunday
Francesco Valori and the Piagnoni
Works of Art burnt in the Piazza
Piero de' Medici and the Arrabbiati.
Savonarola excommunicated by the Pope .
The Plague at Florence .
Conspiracy to overthrow the Republic
His last Course of Sermons on · Exodus'
Second Auto-da-fé of Art-treasures
Savonarola appeals from Pope to Christendom
The 'Signory' ordered to execute Papal Decree
Rivalry of the Franciscans and Dominicans
The Ordeal by Fire.
Altercations and Postponement of the Trial
Fury of the Populace
The Piagnoni attacked and Francesco Valori murdered
Savonarola seized and tortured.
Condemned to Death
Examined before Commissioners of the Pope
Confessions extracted by Torture
His last Night in Prison .
His Execution (A.D. 1498)
Reaction in his Favour and Demand for his Canonization
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74
ESSAY II.
LIFE OF ERASMUS.
Savonarola and Erasmus Harbingers of the Reformation
Biographers of Erasmus.
His Birth in Rotterdam (A.D. 1467).
His Parents
School at Deventer
Left an Orphan
77
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84
85
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His Property squandered by his Guardians
Persuaded to enter the Cloister
Books and Study his Consolation
Secretary to the Bishop of Cambray .
At the University of Paris
Takes private Pupils
His first Visit to England
Learns Greek at Oxford
His Verses on England
Second Visit to England
At Cambridge
Residence in Italy
Intimate with the Aldi at Venice
His Reception at Rome
Return to England .
Visits the Shrine of Thomas à Becket
Henry VIII. and Cardinal Wolsey
Professor of Divinity and of Greek at Cambridge
His Intimacy with More and Colet
Leaves England and visits Charles of Austria
Long Residence at Basil .
His immense literary Reputation
Courted by all the great Potentates .
Erasmus, as Reviver of Classical Learning
The 'Adagia'
As Opponent of Scholasticism
The Praise of Folly' and 'Colloquies
As the Parent of Biblical Criticism
His Editions of the Early Fathers
Visions of a Peaceful Reformation
His Attitude towards Luther
His Aversion to War and Strife
His Ignorance of Modern Languages
Conflict with Ulric Hutten
The Peasant War
Luther denounces the Anabaptists
Position of Erasmus between the two Parties
Luther's Letter to Erasmus
The 'Freedom of the Will'
Controversy between Erasmus and Luther
Capture of Rome by the Constable Bourbon
Martyrdom of Louis Berquin
Reformation in England .
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145
Execution of Sir Thomas More
Death and Character of Erasmus
146
148
ESSAY III.
THE POPES OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH
CENTURIES.
Professor Ranke's Qualifications as an Historian
152
His historical Researches .
153
Object and Scope of the History
154
Schemes of the Pontiffs for extending their 'Temporal Dominions 155
Sixtus IV. and Cæsar Borgia
157
Pope Julius II.
158
Pontificate of Leo X.
159
The Revival of Learning .
160
Influence of Antiquity upon the Arts
161
Character of Leo
162
Elegancies and Refinements of the Court of Rome
163
Effect on the Reformation
165
Adrian of Utrecht and Clement VII.
167
Vitality of the Roman Catholic Religion
168
The Council of Trent
169
Ignatius Loyola
170
Paul III. and the Emperor Charles V.
171
Cardinal Caraffa elected Pope (Paul IV.).
175
His Policy and Administration
177
At War with Spain.
179
The Duke of Alva in Rome
180
Reformation of the Church
181
Pius IV..
182
Reconstruction of the Papal Power
183
Pius V. and the Inquisition
184
He consolidates a League against the Infidels
185
State of the Papal Territory and Finances.
187
Sources of the Pope's Revenue .
189
Gregory XIII.
190
Sixtus V. Cardinal Montalto
192
His Election and vigorous Administration .
193
Effect of the Religious Revival on Poetry, Art, and Manners of
the Roman Court
195 ESSAY IV.
THE POPES OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTII
CENTURIES,
Altered Position of the Popes as Temporal Princes
Pontificate of Sixtus V
Progress and Encroachments of Protestantism
Strength of the Papacy
Order of the Jesuits
Their Services to the Holy See
Schism
among
the Protestants .
Policy of the Papacy
Counter-revolution in favour of Catholicism
Its Effect on ecclesiastical Architecture
Jesuit Churches in Southern Germany
The Pope Head of the Catholic Confederacy
Schemes of Sixtus V
Lofty Pretensions of the Church
Repudiated by the Venetian Republic
Sixtus and Henry IV.
Santorio, Cardinal of Sanseverino
Disappointed of his Election to the Papacy
Clement VIII, and the Re-union of France
Collision of Jesuits with Monastic Orders .
Cardinal Borghese, Paul V.
Romanism in the Ascendant
Foundation of the College de Propaganda Fide'
Roman Catholic Missions.
Urban VIII, a temporal Prince
Rome hopes to re-unite England
Confederacy of Catholic Powers against England.
Policy of Charles I. and Duke of Buckingham
Policy of Urban VIII
The Thirty Years' War and Peace of Westphalia
The Papal Annals become barren
Financial System of the later Popes
Increase of Debt and annual Deficit
Innocent XI. and Louis XIV
State of Rome and its Territories in the Seventeenth Century
Deterioration of Agriculture
Poverty of the Peasantry and diminished Prosperity
Papal Government the worst in Europe
TAGE
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