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Verse 18. "I will not leave you comfortless."—In the Greek the word is literally "orphans," or "fatherless." The word gaves is however used in a more extended sense than the English word "orphan," since it means generally all who are destitute, whether by the deprivation of parents, children, friends, or patrons; "comfortless" or "destitute" is therefore a very fair rendering, and conveys better the idea of the original than the literal transference to the English of the word "orphans," which has been made by Doddridge, Campbell, and others. In this and in many other cases, our translators have carefully distinguished the original and proper meaning, even when the original word has, with a modified or restricted signification, been adopted into the English language. It is observable that, as in the present instance, disciples, and indeed all the world, were among the Jews described as being left fatherless when their doctors and wise men were removed by death. So, among other examples, it is reported of R. Akiba, that, on the death of a famous Rabbi, "he went out and cried, and his eyes flowed with water, and he said, Woe Rabbi! woe Rabbi! for the world is left fatherless by thee."

CHAPTER XV.

1 The consolation and mutual love between Christ and his members, under the parable of the vine. 18 A comfort in the hatred and persecution of the world. 26 The office of the Holy Ghost, and of the apostles.

I AM the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman.

2 'Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he taketh away: and every branch that beareth fruit, he purgeth it, that it may bring forth more fruit.

3 Now ye are clean through the word which I have spoken unto you.

4 Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, except it abide in the vine; no more can ye, except ye abide in me.

5 I am the vine, ye are the branches: He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same bringeth forth much fruit: for without me ye can do nothing.

6 If a man abide not in me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered; and men gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned.

7 If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you.

8 Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit; so shall ye be my disciples.

9 As the Father hath loved me, so have I loved you: continue ye in my love.

10 If ye keep my commandments, ye shall abide in my love; even as I have kept my Father's commandments, and abide in his love.

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Or, severed from me. Matt. 10. 24.

11 These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy might remain in you, and that your joy might be full.

12 This is my commandment, That ye love one another, as I have loved you.

13 Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. 14 Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoI command you.

ever

15 Henceforth I call you not servants: for the servant knoweth not what his lord doeth but I have called you friends; for all things that I have heard of my Father I have made known unto you.

16 Ye have not chosen me, but I have chosen you, and ordained you, that ye should go and bring forth fruit, and that your fruit should remain: that whatsoever ye shall ask of the Father in my name, he may give it you.

17 These things I command you, that ye love one another.

18 If the world hate you, ye know that it hated me before it hated you.

19 If ye were of the world, the world would love his own: but because ye are not of the world, but I have chosen you out of the world, therefore the world hateth

you.

20 Remember the word that I said unto you, "The servant is not greater than his Jord. If they have persecuted me, they will also persecute you; if they have kept my saying, they will keep your's also.

21 But all these things will they do unto you for my name's sake, because they know not him that sent me.

22 If I had not come and spoken unto Chap. 13. 34. 1 Thess. 4. 9. 1 John 3. 11. 5 Matt. 28. 19. Chap. 13. 16.

them, they had not had sin: but now they might be fulfilled that is written in their have no cloke for their sin. law, "They hated me without a cause.

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1 Christ comforteth his disciples against tribulation by the promise of the Holy Ghost, and by his resurrection and ascension: 23 assureth their prayers made in his name to be acceptable to his Father. 33 Peace in Christ, and in the world affliction. THESE things have I spoken unto you, that ye should not be offended.

2 They shall put you out of the synagogues: yea, the time cometh, that whosoever killeth you will think that he doeth God service.

3 And these things will they do unto you, because they have not known the Father, nor me.

4 But these things have I told you, that when the time shall come, ye may remember that I told you of them. And these things I said not unto you at the beginning, because I was with you.

5 But now I go my way to him that sent me; and none of you asketh me, Whither goest thou?

6 But because I have said these things unto you, sorrow hath filled your heart.

7 Nevertheless I tell you the truth; It is expedient for you that I go away: for if I go that I go away for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will send him unto you.

8 And when he is come, he will 'reprove the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment:

9 Of sin, because they believe not on

me;

10 Of righteousness, because I go to my Father, and ye see me no more;

11 Of judgment, because the prince of this world is judged.

12 I have yet many things to say unto you, but ye cannot bear them now.

13 Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but what

1 Or, convince.

26 But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send unto you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father, he shall testify of me.

27 And ye also shall bear witness, because ye have been with me from the beginning.

Luke 24. 49. Chap. 14. 26.

soever he shall hear, that shall he speak : and he will shew you things to come.

14 He shall glorify me: for he shall receive of mine, and shall shew it unto you.

15 All things that the Father hath are mine: therefore said I, that he shall take of mine, and shew it unto you.

16 A little while, and ye shall not sec me and again, a little while, and ye shall see me, because I go to the Father.

17 Then said some of his disciples among themselves, What is this that he saith unto us, A little while, and ye shall not see me : and again, a little while, and ye shall see me : and, Because I go to the Father?

18 They said therefore, What is this that he saith, Å little while? we cannot tell what he saith.

19 Now Jesus knew that they were desirous to ask him, and said unto them, Do ye enquire among yourselves of that I said, A little while, and ye shall not see me: and again, a little while, and ye shall see me?

20 Verily, verily, I say unto you, That ye shall weep and lament, but the world shall rejoice: and ye shall be sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be turned into joy.

21 A woman when she is in travail hath sorrow, because her hour is come: but as soon as she is delivered of the child, she remembereth no more the anguish, for joy that a man is born into the world.

22 And ye now therefore have sorrow: but I will see you again, and your heart shall rejoice, and your joy no man taketh from you.

23 And in that day ye shall ask me nothing. "Verily, verily, I say unto you, Whatsoever ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give it you.

24 Hitherto have ye asked nothing in my name: ask, and ye shall receive, that your joy may be full.

25 These things have I spoken unto you

Matt. 7. 7.

in proverbs: but the time cometh, when I shall no more speak unto you in proverbs, but I shall shew you plainly of the Father.

26 At that day ye shall ask in my name: and I say not unto you, that I will pray the Father for you:

27 For the Father himself loveth you, because ye have loved me, and have believed that I came out from God.

28 I came forth from the Father, and am come into the world: again, I leave the world, and go to the Father.

29 His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and speakest no 'pro

verb.

30 Now are we sure that thou knowest

all things, and needest not that any man should ask thee: by this we believe that thon camest forth from God.

31 Jesus answered them, Do ye now be lieve?

32 'Behold, the hour cometh, yea, is now come, that ye shall be scattered, every man to his own, and shall leave me alone: and yet I am not alone, because the Father is with me.

33 These things I have spoken unto you, that in me ye might have peace. In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world.

*Or, parables. ♦ Or, parables. • Or, parable.

CHAPTER XVII.

1 Christ prayeth to his Father to glorify him, 6 to preserve his apostles, 11 in unity, 17 and truth, 20 to glorify them, and all other believers with him in heaven.

THESE words spake Jesus, and lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, Father, the hour is come; glorify thy Son, that thy Son also may glorify thee:

2 As thou hast given him power over all flesh, that he should give eternal life to as many as thou hast given him.

3 And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent.

4 I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do.

5 And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was.

6 I have manifested thy name unto the men which thou gavest me out of the world: thine they were, and thou gavest them me: and they have kept thy word.

7 Now they have known that all things whatsoever thou hast given me are of thee. 8 For I have given unto them the words which thou gavest me; and they have received them, and have known surely that I came out from thee, and they have believed that thou didst send me.

9 I pray for them: I pray not for the world, but for them which thou hast given me; for they are thine.

10 And all mine are thine, and thine are

mine; and I am glorified in them.

11 And now I am no more in the world,

1 Matt. 25. 18. 3 Chap. 16.97.

Matt. 26 31. 7 Or, his own home.

but these are in the world, and I come to thee. Holy Father, keep through thine own name those whom thou hast given me, that they may be one, as we are.

12 While I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: those that thou gavest me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition; that the Scripture might be fulfilled.

13 And now come I to thee; and these things I speak in the world, that they might have my joy fulfilled in themselves.

14 I have given them thy word; and the world hath hated them, because they are not of the world, even as I am not of the world.

15 I pray not that thou shouldest take them out of the world, but that thou shouldest keep them from the evil.

16 They are not of the world, even as I am not of the world.

17 Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth.

18 As thou hast sent me into the world, even so have I also sent them into the world.

19 And for their sakes I sanctify myself, that they also might be 'sanctified through the truth.

20 Neither pray I for these alone, but for them also which shall believe on me through their word;

21 That they all may be one; as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be one in us: that the world may believe that thou hast sent me.

22 And the glory which thou gavest me I have given them; that they may be one, even as we are one:

3 Psal. 109. 8, • Or, truly sanctified.

23 I in them, and thou in me, that they may be made perfect in one; and that the world may know that thou hast sent me, and hast loved them, as thou hast loved me.

24 Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be with me where I am; that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given me for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world.

25 O righteous Father, the world hath not known thee: but I have known thee, and these have known that thou hast sent

me.

26 And I have declared unto them thy name, and will declare it: that the love wherewith thou hast loved me may be in them, and I in them.

Chap. 12. 26.

CHAPTER XVIII.

12

1 Judas betrayeth Jesus. 6 The officers fall to the ground. 10 Peter smiteth off Malchus' ear. Jesus is taken, and led unto Annas and Caiaphas. 15 Peter's denial. 19 Jesus examined before Caiaphas. 28 His arraignment before Pilate. 36 His kingdom. 40 The Jews ask Barabbas to be let loose.

WHEN Jesus had spoken these words, 'he went forth with his disciples over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his disciples.

2 And Judas also, which betrayed him, knew the place: for Jesus ofttimes resorted thither with his disciples.

3 Judas then, having received a band of men and officers from the Chief Priests and Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torches and weapons.

4 Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth, and said unto them, Whom seek ye?

5 They answered him, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith unto them, I am he. And Judas also, which betrayed him, stood with them.

6 As soon then as he had said unto them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to the ground.

7 Then asked he them again, Whom seek ye? And they said, Jesus of Naza

reth.

8 Jesus answered, I have told you that I am he: if therefore ye seek me, let these go their way:

9 That the saying might be fulfilled, which he spake, 'Of them which thou gavest me have I lost none.

10 Then Simon Peter having a sword drew it, and smote the High Priest's servant, and cut off his right ear. vant's name was Malchus.

The ser

11 Then said Jesus unto Peter, Put up thy sword into the sheath: the cup which

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my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it?

12 Then the band and the captain and officers of the Jews took Jesus, and bound him,

13 And led him away to Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas, which was the High Priest that same year.

14 'Now Caiaphas was he, which gave counsel to the Jews, that it was expedient that one man should die for the people.

15 And Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple: that disciple was known unto the High Priest, and went in with Jesus into the palace of the High Priest.

16 But Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other disciple, which was known unto the High Priest, and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought in Peter.

17 Then saith the damsel that kept the door unto Peter, Art not thou also one of this man's disciples? He saith, I am not.

18 And the servants and officers stood there, who had made a fire of coals; for it was cold and they warmed themselves: and Peter stood with them, and warmed himself.

19 The High Priest then asked Jesus of his disciples, and of his doctrine.

20 Jesus answered him, I spake openly to the world; I ever taught in the synagogue, and in the temple, whither the Jews always resort; and in secret have I said nothing.

21 Why askest thou me? ask them which heard me, what I have said unto them: behold, they know what I said.

22 And when he had thus spoken, one of the officers which stood by struck Jesus 'with the palm of his hand, saying, Answerest thou the High Priest so?

•And Annas sent Christ lound unto Caiaphas the high priest, verse 24. 6 Matt. 26. 58. 7 Or, with a rod.

23 Jesus answered him, If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil: but if well, why smitest thou me?

24 Now Annas had sent him bound unto Caiaphas the High Priest.

25 And Simon Peter stood and warmed himself. They said therefore unto him, Art not thou also one of his disciples? He denied it, and said, I am not.

26 One of the servants of the High Priest, being his kinsman whose ear Peter cut off, saith, Did not I see thee in the garden with him?

27 Peter then denied again: and immediately the cock crew.

28 Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the Pass

over.

29 Pilate then went out unto them, and said, What accusation bring ye against this man?

30 They answered and said unto him, If he were not a malefactor, we would not have delivered him up unto thee.

ye

31 Then said Pilate unto them, Take him, and judge him according to your law. The Jews therefore said unto him, It is not lawful for us to put any man to death:

32 That the saying of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spake, signifying what death he should die.

8 Matt. 26. 57. 9 Matt. 26. 69. 10 Matt. 27. 2.

33 "Then Pilate entered into the judg ment hall again, and called Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?

34 Jesus answered him, Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or did others tell it thee of me?

35 Pilate answered, Am I a Jew? Thine own nation and the Chief Priests have delivered thee unto me: what hast thou done?

36 Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence.

37 Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a king then? Jesus answered, Thou sayest that I am a king. To this end was I born, and for this cause came I into the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. Every one that is of the truth heareth my voice.

38 Pilate saith unto him, What is truth? And when he had said this, he went out again unto the Jews, and saith unto them, I find in him no fault at all.

39 "But ye have a custom, that I should release unto you one at the Passover: will ye therefore that I release unto you the King of the Jews?

40 Then cried they all again, saying. Not this man, but Barabbas. Now Barabbas was a robber.

11 Or, Pilate's house. 12 Acts 10. 28. 13 Matt. 20. 19. 15 Matt. 27. 15. 16 Acts 3. 14.

14 Matt. 27. 11.

Verse 1. "A garden.”—Matthew says, "a place called Gethsemane" (ch. xxvi. 30), which is hence supposed to have been the name of the garden; but was more probably that of a village near which the garden stood, and to which it probably belonged. Luke describes the going forth as "to the Mount of Olives." Thus it appears that the garden was on, or at the foot of, the Mount of Olives, so that its situation might be indicated by a reference either to the mount or to the adjoining village. Those on whom local associations make strong impressions, must feel interest in a place which was a frequent resort of Christ and his disciples; and, with the precise intimations afforded by the sacred text. there can be no difficulty in deciding that the spot now pointed out to those who visit Jerusalem, as the Garden of Gethsemane, was probably such indeed. It corresponds to all the required conditions: "At the foot of Olivet,” says Sandys, "once stood the village of Gethsemane, the place yet fruitful in olives; and near it the delightful garda wherein our Saviour was betrayed." More precisely, the spot is an even plot of ground (Maundrell says, not more than fifty-seven yards square), between the brook Kedron and the base of Mount Olivet. "The gardens of Gethsemane are now of a very miserable description, hedged round with a dry stone fence, and provided with a few olive-trees. A convent has been built on the spot, but it is now in ruius"-Richardson. The olive-trees here alluded to, and which are supposed to mark the more the immediate resort of Christ, are interesting from their antiquity. The Christians of Jerusalem believe them to have sprung from the roots of those that existed there in the time of our Saviour, the original trees having been all cut down by the Romans, when in want of wood to make crosses and warlike machines. (Diary of a Tour, &c., by a Field-Officer of Cavalry.) Chateaubriand confirms this; and adds a curious proof of the antiquity of the trees: The olive may be said to be immortal, since a fresh tree springs up from the old stump. Those in the Garden of Olivet" [he means this garden] "at Jerusalem are. at least, of the time of the Eastern Empire, as is demonstrated by the following circumstance. In Turkey, every olive-tree found standing by the Mussulmans, when they conquered Asia. pays one medine to the treasury; while each of those planted since the conquest is taxed half its produce by the Grand Signior. The eight olive-trees of which we are speaking, are charged only eight medines." These trees are unusually large. The spot on which they grow belongs to the Latin monks, who purchased it at their own expense.

3. "Lanterns and torches."-We introduce some examples of ancient torches, and some modern Oriental ones of torches and lanterns, to afford the subject such pictorial illustration as it seems capable of receiving. It is very probable that the lanterns at this time in use were such as are still common in Western Asia. The construction is at

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