High-performance apparel : materials, development, and applications

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Front Cover; High-Performance Apparel: Materials, Development, and Applications; Copyright; Contents; List of contributors; Foreword; Preface; Chapter 1: Introduction; Part One: High-Performance Fabric, Materials, and Manufacture; Chapter 2: Fibers used for high-performance apparel; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Consideration of high-performance apparel; 2.3. Fiber: complex structure; 2.3.1. Natural fibers; 2.3.2. Animal fibers; 2.3.3. Manufactured fibers; 2.4. Characteristics of textile fibers; 2.4.1. Gross morphology; 2.4.2. Chemical structure of fibers; 2.5. Key properties of textile fibers 2.5.1. Physical properties2.5.1.1. Length and fineness; 2.5.1.2. Moisture absorption; 2.5.1.3. Texture; 2.5.1.4. Static electricity; 2.5.1.5. Crimp; 2.5.2. Mechanical properties; 2.5.2.1. Abrasion; 2.5.2.2. Dimensional stability; 2.5.2.3. Elastic recovery; 2.5.2.4. Resiliency; 2.5.2.5. Tenacity; 2.5.3. Chemical properties; 2.5.3.1. Absorbency and wicking; 2.6. Cellulose fibers; 2.6.1. Applications of cotton for high-performance apparel: ventile fabrics; 2.6.2. Moleskin fabrics: manufacture and properties; 2.6.3. Flax; 2.7. Protein fibers; 2.7.1. Silk fibers; 2.8. Synthetic fibers 2.8.1. Viscose Fiber2.8.2. Polyester fiber; 2.8.3. Nylon fiber; 2.9. High-performance fibers; 2.9.1. Meta-aramid: nomex (dupont); 2.9.1.1. Nomex; 2.9.2. Para-aramid: kevlar (dupont); 2.9.2.1. Kevlar; 2.9.3. High density polyethylene-HDPE: dyneema; 2.9.4. High-performance inorganic fibers; 2.9.4.1. Glass fibers; 2.9.4.2. Carbon fiber: PAN (polyacylonitrile); 2.10. Future trends; References; Chapter 3: Yarn and thread manufacturing methods for high-performance apparel; 3.1. Introduction; 3.1.1. Yarns for high-performance apparel applications; 3.2. Staple yarns 3.2.1. Short-staple (cotton) spinning3.2.2. Long-staple (worsted) spinning; 3.2.3. Variable staple (woollen) spinning; 3.2.4. Prespinning operations; 3.2.4.1. Blow room; 3.2.4.2. Carding; 3.2.4.3. Drawing; 3.2.4.4. Combing; 3.2.4.5. Roving; 3.2.4.6. Tow-to-top; 3.2.5. Spinning methods; 3.2.5.1. Ring spinning; 3.2.5.2. Rotor spinning; 3.2.5.3. Friction spinning; 3.2.5.4. Air-jet/vortex spinning; 3.2.6. Postspinning operations; 3.2.6.1. Winding; 3.2.6.2. Plied and cabled yarns; 3.3. Filament yarns; 3.3.1. Monofilament yarn; 3.3.2. Multifilament yarn; 3.4. Composite yarns; 3.4.1. Core spinning 3.4.2. Wrap spinning3.5. Key yarn properties; 3.5.1. Linear density (count); 3.5.2. Twist; 3.5.3. Tensile strength; 3.5.4. Evenness; 3.6. Sewing threads; 3.6.1. Twist content; 3.6.2. Twist direction; 3.6.3. Plied and corded threads; 3.6.4. Staple-spun threads; 3.6.5. Core-spun threads; 3.6.6. Continuous filament threads; 3.6.7. Thread counts; 3.6.8. Lubrication; 3.6.9. Mercerized cotton thread; 3.6.10. Glace cotton thread; 3.6.11. Thread extensibility; 3.6.12. Thread packages; 3.6.13. Thread quality; 3.6.13.1. Evenness; 3.6.13.2. Tensile properties; Loop strength; Loop strength ratio